2nd part- Survey Instrument Development

Question 1

good survey qs.- Question-wording

Answer 1

use words that are consistent with the educational level of the intended respondents. Do not include alternate interpretations or incomplete sentences that would lead to misinterpretation

Question 2

Feasible and Ethical

Answer 2

• must avoid asking qs. for data that they might/not have.
• ## Civil and ethical

Question 3

additional consideration

Answer 3

avoid double negatives, long questions that can lose the interest of the respondent on reading.

Question 4

Biased context

Answer 4

• General characteristics: placement of the qs in a particular order and thinking along a certain line on the basis of the previous qs.

-Cognitive Implication of biased context :
1) Level of generality
2) influence of consistency and contrast.

-Facets of Biased Context:

Question 5

Open-ended questions

Answer 5

Allows respondent to answer in their own words.
Additional insights are sought from the respondent.

Question 6

Disadvantages of the open-ended qs

Answer 6

• Time intensive(requires more thought and contemplation by the respondent)
  -Harder to analyse
• Harder to identify a single course of action from a broad range of response

Question 7

Closed- Ended Questions

Answer 7

The respondent choose from a given set of responses

Question 8

close-ended with ordered choices

Answer 8

examine the possible response independent of the other choice.
Easiest for the respondents to answer and for researchers to analyse.

Question 9

Closed-ended with unordered choices

Answer 9

eg) Multiple choices
Respondents to compare possible responses and select one.
Helps in ranking items in order of preference

Question 10

Partial close-ended questions

Answer 10

Respondent is asked to select one or write in “others”

Question 11

Questions to measure Response to Ideas, Analyse or Proposals

Answer 11

compare their own views with the views of the idea presented in the question statement.

Question 12

Questions that measure knowledge

Answer 12

Assess respondents’ familiarity with the subject
Ability of the respondent to provide informed response

Question 13

Beliefs

Answer 13

are subjective opinion that indicate what people think.

Question 14

Atitude

Answer 14

sub. opinions that identify what people want.

Question 15

Behaviour

Answer 15

objective facts of what people do

Question 16

Attributes

Answer 16

Objective facts that describe what people are

Question 17

The three cognitive tasks are

Answer 17

1st Task - Question interpretation
The respondent must understand what the researcher is asking and determine which information will best meet the request.

2nd Task - Response formulation
constructs new judgments that are less cognitively demanding( than determining whether the previously held- judgments will meet the specific constraints of the questions.)

3rd Task - The respondent communicates the response to the researcher

for thids task- respondant might/not interntionally(or not) edit the response to meet the unstated expect. of political correctness/social norm

Question 18

What are the sources of measurement error?

Answer 18

• Interpreting the questions for them or leading the respondent to a specific answer.
• Respondent: provide false response that may invalidate the survey
  invoke the feeling of being special as its outside their daily hours.(Hawthorne effect)
• Respondent more readily agree with positively worded question
• They consistently give high/low rating reflecting a rater bias that deviate from the validity of the results.