2g - Acids, bases and preparations

Question 1

What does soluble mean?

Answer 1

When substance can dissolve in a given volume of solvent

Question 2

Is sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and ammonium (NH4+) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

Are nitrates (NO3-) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

are chlorides (Cl-) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 4

yes
exceptions : silver chloride (AgCl) and lead (II) chloride (PbCl2)

Question 5

Are sulfates (SO42-) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 5

yes
exceptions: barium sulfate (BaSO4), calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and lead (II) sulfate (PbSO4)

Question 6

Are carbonates (CO32-) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 6

no
exceptions: sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3)

Question 7

Are hydroxides (OH-) soluble? Are there any exceptions?

Answer 7

no
exceptions: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)

Question 8

What happens to the charge of acids when they react?

Answer 8

When Acids react, they will lose Electrons to form positive Hydrogen ions ( H+ )

These H+ Ions make the Aqueous Solution Acidic

Example: Hydrochloric Acid
HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

Question 9

What happens to the charge of alkalis when they react?

Answer 9

When Alkalis react, they will gain Electrons to form negative Hydroxide ions ( OH- )

These OH- ions make the Aqueous Solution an Alkali

Example: Sodium Hydroxide
NaOH (aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Question 10

What is a base?

Answer 10

A base is a substance that can react with acids and neutralise them.

Question 11

What is a proton donor?

Answer 11

Acids are Proton donors as they will react to lose Electrons to form positive H+ ions. These H+ ions make the Aqueous Solution Acidic

Question 12

What are Proton acceptors?

Answer 12

Bases (Alkalis) are Proton acceptors as react to gain Electrons to form negative OH- ions.These OH- ions make the Aqueous Solution Alkaline

Question 13

What is the equation for the reaction between acid and metals?

Answer 13

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen (MASH)

Only Metals above Hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with Dilute Acids to form a Salt and Hydrogen Gas

Question 14

What is the equation for the reaction between bases and acid?

Answer 14

Acid + Base → Salt + Water (BAWS)

Acids will react with Bases - all Metal Oxides and Metal Hydroxides, in a neutralisation reaction to produce a Salt and Water.

Question 15

What is the equation for the reaction between acid and metal carbonates?

Answer 15

Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water (CAWS Cod)

Question 16

What is the equations for the reaction between alkaline and acid?

Answer 16

alkali + acid → water + salt (AAWS)