2C destination management Flashcards by Mrs C Akrasi

What does TALC stand for?

Tourism Area Life Cycle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is along the bottom of the graph (x axis) of the TALC model?

time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is on the side of the graph (y axis) of the TALC model?

number of tourists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the TALC model show?

how the number of tourists visiting a destination changes over time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the first stage of the TALC model?

Exploration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of Exploration?

small numbers of tourists
unique natural or human features
small scale, low key tourism
Might be known as emerging destination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the second stage of the TALC model?

Involvement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of involvement?

local population get involved e.g. opening hotels, restaurants or car parks
more tourists visit
Known as emerging destination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the third stage of the TALC model?

Development

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of development?

larger organisations e.g. tour operators get involved
many hotels and other amenities built
lots of job opportunities for locals
drastic rise in tourist numbers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the fourth stage of the TALC model?

consolidation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of consolidation?

tourism is now a key part of the area
many locals work in tourism (in or directly)
visitor numbers continue to grow steadily (mature destination?)
older amenities becoming dated and untidy
May decrease in popularity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the fifth stage of the TALC model?

stagnation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of stagnation?

visitor numbers are barely growing (level off)
negative image, or competition from other destinations accounts for lower numbers
business closing, hotels offering discounts or deals to fill beds
problems e.g. overcrowding, erosion or litter etc
(mature destination)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the sixth stage of the TALC model?

decline or rejuvenation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the key features of decline?

visitor numbers fall drastically
businesses close
many unemployed
People move out of the area

What are the key features of rejuvenation?

Invest in the destination to smarten it up e.g. Magaluf

Other destinations may invest in a new niche market e.g. yoga or alternative e.g. Brighton

What is an emerging destination?

destinations that have grown in popularity (visitor arrivals more than 4% a year), less well known and offer a less ‘convenient’ tourism

What are the key features of emerging destinations?

visitors seek adventure
difficult to access from overseas
underdeveloped transport links
basic infrastructure
basic healthcare and education
unspoilt natural / cultural features
traditional lifestyles
want to develop tourism
low numbers of visitors
not well known

What is a mature destination?

established destinations that have been having tourists for more than 20 years, with low growth rate (2% a year), but has high number of visitors

What are the key features of mature destinations?

mass tourism (over tourism issues)
fully integrated transport links
fully developed infrastructure
strain on resources
decline of natural / cultural features
established tourist season
well known
facilities may be run down
most of the community will be employed in tourism
conflict between tourists and locals

How are local and national governments involved in destination management?

Restrict travel e.g. both outbound and inbound, travel bans, travel restriction orders
security measures e.g. airport security, seaports - use of sniffer dogs, coast guard and border protection
entry requirements e.g. visas
Investment in infrastructure
attracting funding
taxes, rules, legislation

How can governments improve infrastructure?

rail improvements e.g. HS2, new rail lines, trains run on time
Road e.g. new roads, road improvement, effective sign posts
air e.g. often built through public and private investment e.g. terminal 5 at Heathrow (BAA and UK government)
sea e.g. improvement projects at ferry terminals
energy and water supplies e.g. sustainable, reliable power
waste disposal e.g. in Venice has new sewage tunnels
improving access to internet and wifi

How do governments attract funding?

Governments often work with private organisations
key incentive for private companies is the return (or interest) on their investment
Funding could be for transport, events, training or infrastructure

How can governments ensure development is sustainable?

stop zero-hours contracts encourage well paid jobs, with year round contracts (reduce use of universal tax credits and job seekers allowance) encourage business initiatives (partnership projects and DMOs) promote 'support local' schemes reduce negative impacts of tourism e.g. ban street drinking, fines for litter/dog poo on the beach

What is a zero hours contract?

agreement between worker and employer, where the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum hours of work

What are universal tax credits?

extra payments from the government paid to people in lower paid jobs and/or those who have children that may required paid childcare

What is a job seekers allowance?

an unemployment benefit that people can claim when they are looking for work

How can rules by used by the government to manage destinations?

Rules are non-binding e.g. you won't be fined or put in prison if you break them Rules are usually about behaviour e.g. the countryside code

What is a partnership?

Where two or more stakeholders work together e.g. public, private and voluntary

What are some advantages of partnerships?

Shared resources, skills, expertise new ideas shared costs (cheaper) increased publicity

What are some disadvantages of partnerships?

lots of stakeholders involved so decision making takes time slow to respond to change as many stakeholders involved often have different aims e.g. profit / helping local economy / promoting good causes less flexibility

What is a DMO?

Destination Management Organisation generally inbound organisations that promote, manage and help develop tourism in their area They can be local, regional (1066 country) or national (Visit England)

What do DMOs do?

market and promote tourism of the destination will include working with different stakeholders may promote tourism activities, facilities, or events in the local area

Benefits of DMOs

Raising the profile (image) of destination Launching new products effectively Marketing widely Funding and sponsorship - they receive funding but can also fund smaller projects