2A Factors affecting tourism Flashcards
What are the economic factors affecting travel and tourism
Recession Boom Levels of employment Changing costs of fuel Changes in currency rates
What are the political factors affecting travel and tourism?
Legislation
Trade and airport taxes affecting cost of travel
Passport and visa requirements
Government promotes tourism through taxes and incentives
Political instability - civil unrest / war results in disruption, cancelled holidays, business failure and poor image
How does media, publicity and image affect tourism?
Positive or negative
Can create over tourism e.g. Maya Bay, Thailand
Influential role of film and TV tourism e.g. New Zealand after Lord of the Rings
Can cause decline e.g. after tragedy e.g. child goes missing
Types of media
newspapers / magazines online reviews e.g. tripadvisor blogs film & tv international or sporting events e.g. Olympics
How can safety and security affect tourism?
Personal safety e.g. theft, getting lost, accidents
Safety measures implemented by authorities and travel providers can slow travel or improve it as people feel more safe
Visitors to be aware of guidance e.g. where to avoid, keeping possessions safe
Possible effects of safety and security on appeal of destination e.g. decline after terrorist attack
How can health risks and precautions affect tourism?
Infectious diseases and vaccinations
Precautions and preventative measures e.g. hygiene, clothing, food and drink
Health risks could lead to bad publicity for destinations
The precautions could influence choice of holiday
What infectious diseases am I exposed to while travelling?
malaria yellow fever cholera tetanus typhoid norovirus / coronavirus
What are natural disasters?
natural events that can cause death e.g. geological hazards or severe weather events
Name the 4 geological hazards
earthquakes
volcanic eruptions
sink holes
tsunamis
Name the severe weather events
flooding, drought, fires, landslides, hurricanes, tornadoes, avalanches, snow storms
What are the possible effects of natural hazards on tourism?
impact on local business, infrastructure, business operations,
disruption/cancellation for visitors,
repatriation,
evacuation
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; high temperature, feel hot and shivery, headaches, vomiting and muscle pain?
Malaria
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue?
Yellow fever
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst?
cholera
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; muscle spasms, painful stiffness across body, trouble swallowing, jerking?
tetanus
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; weakness, stomach pain, headache, diarrhoea / constipation, cough?
typhoid
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, body aches, mild fever
norovirus
What infectious disease has the following symptoms; high temperature, persistent cough, loss of taste/smell, fatigue?
coronavirus
What is a sink hole?
collapse in the surface of the earth, often sudden and sometimes circular
What is a tsunami?
series of waves caused by an earthquake underneath the sea
What is a hurricane?
A massive storm system with very strong waves and heavy rain. They occur in the tropics
What is a landslide?
When part of a slope collapses and falls. It can cover entire villages, or happen after an earthquake, or heavy rainfall
What is a drought?
When there is not enough water after a long period without rain
What is a tornado?
mobile spinning wind system, which looks like a funnel. It is dry (no rain) but very strong winds
What is an avalanche?
mass of snow, ice and rocks falling very quickly down a mountain
What is a snowstorm?
Also known as a blizzard. When there is so much snow, there is very poor visability so you can’t see more than 2m ahead of you.
What is a boom?
When the economy of a country experiences medium or long term growth
What is currency exchange?
Also called foreign exchange - it means to change the value of money from one country’s currency to another
What is disposable income?
The amount of money a person has left after the deduction of taxes and basic living costs. Income spent on things that a person wants rather than needs e.g. holiday
What is economic?
To do with a country’s money, trade of goods and services and jobs
What are employment levels?
Measures how many people of working age are in employment at any one time
What is an epidemic?
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a region or large area of the world at a particular time
What is GDP?
Gross domestic product
the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year
What is infrastructure?
The structure and facilities e.g. roads, buildings, power supplies that enable a tourist destination to function properly
What is a pandemic?
Worldwide spread of a disease
What is a preventative measure?
the action of stopping something from happening or arising
What are public relations?
the professional maintenance of a favourable public image by a company or other organization or a place or a famous person
What is a recession?
Slowdown of economic activity measured by looking at a pattern lasting more than 6 months
What is repatriation?
The return of a person to their country of origin
What is unemployment?
Not having paid work
What is a visa?
an endorsement (usually a sticker or stamp) on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period of time in a country
How do organisations respond to factors?
Adapt and develop new products or services
Adapting operational procedures
Reviewing destinations offered
Reviewing price structures - adjusting to maintain / attract
Managing public relations
How do governments respond to factors?
Local / national / regional Providing up-to-date information Promoting a positive image Encouraging employment Improving infrastructure Introducing security measures
How do voluntary organisations respond to factors?
Promoting sustainability, conservation and protection
Campaigning governments to make changes
Raising awareness of issues - ethical and environmental
Raising funds
What is hedging?
When tour operators insure themselves against a negative event
What are operational procedures?
Set of step by step instructions written by an organisation to help workers carry out complex routine operations
What are pricing structures?
This is a list of prices for the holiday products provided by a tour operator. They complete risk analysis and adjust prices to ensure there is appropriate profit
