2A Factors affecting tourism

Question 1

What are the economic factors affecting travel and tourism

Answer 1

Recession
Boom
Levels of employment
Changing costs of fuel
Changes in currency rates

Question 2

What are the political factors affecting travel and tourism?

Answer 2

Legislation
Trade and airport taxes affecting cost of travel
Passport and visa requirements
Government promotes tourism through taxes and incentives
Political instability - civil unrest / war results in disruption, cancelled holidays, business failure and poor image

Question 3

How does media, publicity and image affect tourism?

Answer 3

Positive or negative
Can create over tourism e.g. Maya Bay, Thailand
Influential role of film and TV tourism e.g. New Zealand after Lord of the Rings
Can cause decline e.g. after tragedy e.g. child goes missing

Question 4

Types of media

Answer 4

newspapers / magazines
online reviews e.g. tripadvisor
blogs
film & tv
international or sporting events e.g. Olympics

Question 5

How can safety and security affect tourism?

Answer 5

Personal safety e.g. theft, getting lost, accidents
Safety measures implemented by authorities and travel providers can slow travel or improve it as people feel more safe
Visitors to be aware of guidance e.g. where to avoid, keeping possessions safe
Possible effects of safety and security on appeal of destination e.g. decline after terrorist attack

Question 6

How can health risks and precautions affect tourism?

Answer 6

Infectious diseases and vaccinations
Precautions and preventative measures e.g. hygiene, clothing, food and drink
Health risks could lead to bad publicity for destinations
The precautions could influence choice of holiday

Question 7

What infectious diseases am I exposed to while travelling?

Answer 7

malaria
yellow fever
cholera
tetanus
typhoid
norovirus / coronavirus

Question 8

What are natural disasters?

Answer 8

natural events that can cause death e.g. geological hazards or severe weather events

Question 9

Name the 4 geological hazards

Answer 9

earthquakes
volcanic eruptions
sink holes
tsunamis

Question 10

Name the severe weather events

Answer 10

flooding, 
drought, 
fires, 
landslides, 
hurricanes, 
tornadoes, 
avalanches, 
snow storms

Question 11

What are the possible effects of natural hazards on tourism?

Answer 11

impact on local business, infrastructure, business operations,
disruption/cancellation for visitors,
repatriation,
evacuation

Question 12

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; high temperature, feel hot and shivery, headaches, vomiting and muscle pain?

Answer 12

Malaria

Question 13

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue?

Answer 13

Yellow fever

Question 14

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst?

Answer 14

cholera

Question 15

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; muscle spasms, painful stiffness across body, trouble swallowing, jerking?

Answer 15

tetanus

Question 16

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; weakness, stomach pain, headache, diarrhoea / constipation, cough?

Answer 16

typhoid

Question 17

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, body aches, mild fever

Answer 17

norovirus

Question 18

What infectious disease has the following symptoms; high temperature, persistent cough, loss of taste/smell, fatigue?

Answer 18

coronavirus

Question 19

What is a sink hole?

Answer 19

collapse in the surface of the earth, often sudden and sometimes circular

Question 20

What is a tsunami?

Answer 20

series of waves caused by an earthquake underneath the sea

Question 21

What is a hurricane?

Answer 21

A massive storm system with very strong waves and heavy rain. They occur in the tropics

Question 22

What is a landslide?

Answer 22

When part of a slope collapses and falls. It can cover entire villages, or happen after an earthquake, or heavy rainfall

Question 23

What is a drought?

Answer 23

When there is not enough water after a long period without rain

Question 24

What is a tornado?

Answer 24

mobile spinning wind system, which looks like a funnel. It is dry (no rain) but very strong winds

Question 25

What is an avalanche?

Answer 25

mass of snow, ice and rocks falling very quickly down a mountain

Question 26

What is a snowstorm?

Answer 26

Also known as a blizzard. When there is so much snow, there is very poor visability so you can't see more than 2m ahead of you.

Question 27

What is a boom?

Answer 27

When the economy of a country experiences medium or long term growth

Question 28

What is currency exchange?

Answer 28

Also called foreign exchange - it means to change the value of money from one country’s currency to another

Question 29

What is disposable income?

Answer 29

The amount of money a person has left after the deduction of taxes and basic living costs. Income spent on things that a person wants rather than needs e.g. holiday

Question 30

What is economic?

Answer 30

To do with a country’s money, trade of goods and services and jobs

Question 31

What are employment levels?

Answer 31

Measures how many people of working age are in employment at any one time

Question 32

What is an epidemic?

Answer 32

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a region or large area of the world at a particular time

Question 33

What is GDP?

Answer 33

Gross domestic product | the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year

Question 34

What is infrastructure?

Answer 34

The structure and facilities e.g. roads, buildings, power supplies that enable a tourist destination to function properly

Question 35

What is a pandemic?

Answer 35

Worldwide spread of a disease

Question 36

What is a preventative measure?

Answer 36

the action of stopping something from happening or arising

Question 37

What are public relations?

Answer 37

the professional maintenance of a favourable public image by a company or other organization or a place or a famous person

Question 38

What is a recession?

Answer 38

Slowdown of economic activity measured by looking at a pattern lasting more than 6 months

Question 39

What is repatriation?

Answer 39

The return of a person to their country of origin

Question 40

What is unemployment?

Answer 40

Not having paid work

Question 41

What is a visa?

Answer 41

an endorsement (usually a sticker or stamp) on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period of time in a country

Question 42

How do organisations respond to factors?

Answer 42

Adapt and develop new products or services Adapting operational procedures Reviewing destinations offered Reviewing price structures - adjusting to maintain / attract Managing public relations

Question 43

How do governments respond to factors?

Answer 43

``` Local / national / regional Providing up-to-date information Promoting a positive image Encouraging employment Improving infrastructure Introducing security measures ```

Question 44

How do voluntary organisations respond to factors?

Answer 44

Promoting sustainability, conservation and protection Campaigning governments to make changes Raising awareness of issues - ethical and environmental Raising funds

Question 45

What is hedging?

Answer 45

When tour operators insure themselves against a negative event

Question 46

What are operational procedures?

Answer 46

Set of step by step instructions written by an organisation to help workers carry out complex routine operations

Question 47

What are pricing structures?

Answer 47

This is a list of prices for the holiday products provided by a tour operator. They complete risk analysis and adjust prices to ensure there is appropriate profit