2B Impact of travel, tourism and sustainability Flashcards
Negative social impacts?
Disruption to everyday life Loss of culture Resentment towards visitors Increased crime Staged authenticity Exploitation of locals Loss of traditional lifestyles
Positive social impacts?
Improved quality of life
Access to facilities
Improved transport and infrastructure including healthcare
Improved cultural awareness
Negative impacts of tourism on the economy?
Low paid jobs
Seasonal unemployment with casual contracts
Leakage
Increased cost of living which locals can’t afford
Positive impacts of tourism on the economy?
Employment opportunities Training and education improving skills so can get better job Multiplier effect Foreign currency earnings Contribution to taxes and GDP
Negative environmental impacts?
Loss of habitats Loss of wildlife Threatened species Increased pollution e.g. noise, air, water Overcrowding Traffic congestion Reduced biodiversity Environmental degradation Erosion to footpaths, riverbanks, lakeshores
Positive environmental impacts
Conservation including protection of wildlife, protected areas e.g. national parks
Environmental education
Creation of open spaces
Improved street furniture
Regeneration including urban renewal and the reuse of traditional buildings for new activities
Ways to sustainably manage social impacts?
Educating visitors
Improve infrastructure
Involve locals e.g. partnership projects
Use tourist taxes sustainably
What do we need to educate visitors about?
reducing negative impacts of behaviour (think Magaluf)
how to behave and dress appropriately
how to show respect to traditions and religions
how to avoid conflict
What infrastructure can be improved to benefit locals?
transport telecommunications buildings power supply water and sewerage networks healthcare centres
How to engage local communities sustainably?
include them in decision making
include them in partnership projects
What are the benefits of partnership projects?
improved profit improved conservation and less threat to environment jobs for locals improved visitor experiences alternative income for local communities
Examples of tourist taxes
bed tax / hotel tax air passenger duty departure tax VAT (value added tax) fuel duty Sustainable tourism tax
How can taxes be sustainable?
use the income to fund community projects
use the money to fund environmental projects
Ways for sustainability and economic impacts?
Providing employment and training Buying local products Using local transport government restricting TNCs or foreign workers Increasing visitor spending
How can tourism provide employment and training?
opportunities for local people
access to higher-paid jobs
opportunities for education and training
How can visitors support local communities?
buy local products
use local transport e.g. rickshaws
How can governments limit TNCs or foreign workers?
Restrictions of multinational companies e.g. McDonalds not allowed, or in Egypt foreigners are not allowed to work as tour guides
How can visitor spending be increased?
Having the gift shop at the exit, or where the tickets are sold
Adapting products or services e.g. fast food restaurants in theme parks
Ways for sustainability and managing environmental impacts
visitor management traffic management planning and legislation visitor education controlling resources wildlife conservation
How can you manage visitors?
restrict the number of visitors
controlling the movement of people Disneyland
having a one way system
having visa time limits
How can you manage traffic?
restrict traffic e.g. London congestion charge
affordable public transport e.g. Luxembourg is now free!
plenty of parking
park and ride schemes
alternative types of transport
how can planning and legislation reduce environmental impacts?
building regulations e.g. solar panels
planning permission to ensure heritage or culture is protected
it can also limit the size and location of buildings e.g. use brownfield sites
use local styles - maintain image of destination
encourage sustainability
How to educate visitors?
Use of local tour guides
Sign boards, information posts
educate about culture, environment, wildlife
use of websites to educate in advance
marketing is clear about environmental needs / expectations
help visitors immerse into local life e.g. volunteering holidays
how to control resources and protect natural areas?
manage waste - encouraging recycling, develop sewerage system
use renewable energy sources e.g. solar, wind, biofuels
reduce use of water e.g. recycle water in fountains, sprinklers on taps
codes of conduct e.g. divers on Great Barrier Reef
How to conserve wildlife?
hunting holidays to control hunting?
conservation / volunteering holidays e.g. looking after elephants
limiting cruise ships in fragile environments e.g. Antarctica
training local guides and encouraging tourists to employ local guides
What is a multinational company? or TNC (transnational company)
A company that operates in several countries
What is financial fairness?
Local communities receive an appropriate amount of income for the products and services that they provide
What is the multiplier effect?
When money is spent on goods and services, which benefits other organisations and this leads to more jobs and this leads to more disposable income for local people and the positive effects continue to build
What is leakage?
the way money generated through tourism in one country is then lost to another country’s economy
What is a threatened species?
species which are vulnerable (in danger of) to extinction in the future
What is an entry-level worker? (think about where the entrance is on a building)
Someone who doesn’t have any experience in that area of work
What is a stakeholder?
a person or organisation that has an interest in the business or project e.g. local community, customers, suppliers, businesses
What is a partnership project?
working with different stakeholders to achieve a common purpose e.g. public organisations working with private ones, or private-voluntary, or a combination of the three
What are building regulations?
set of building quality standards that are decided by governments
What is planning permission?
formal approval to construct a building, facility or change the use of the land
What is overcrowding?
when there are too many people for the resources available leading to pollution and damage
What is staged authenticity?
creating an impression of local culture for a tourist audience
What are greenspaces?
open spaces within urban areas e.g. parks, woodlands for example Central Park, New York
What does infrastructure mean?
The structure and facilities e.g. roads, buildings, power supplies that enable a tourist destination to function properly
What is seasonal unemployment?
not having paid work at off peak times of year
