Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > 2b.2 - Electronic structure > Flashcards

2b.2 - Electronic structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Describe the experiment that disproved the plum pudding model of the atom

A
  • Fired a beam of alpha particles at thin gold foil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did they expect from the experiment that disproved the plum pudding model?

A

Positively charged alpha particles would be slightly deflected by the electrons in the plum pudding model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What actually happened in the Rutherford experiment that disproved the plum pudding model?

A

Most alpha particles went straight through but the odd one came straight back at them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is radioactivity random?

A
  • You can’t say when a nuclei is going to decay

- You can’t make decay happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the three different types of radiation?

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is background radiation?

A

Radiation that is present at all times, all around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does background radiation come from? (3)

A
  • Unstable isotopes
  • Radiation from space
  • Radiation due to man made sources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is radon gas?

A

51%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is cosmic rays?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is rocks and building materials?

A

14%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is from nuclear industry?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is medical x-rays?

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What relative proportion of background radiation is food?

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an alpha particle? (2)

A
  • A helium nuclei

- Two protons, two neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How far can alpha particles travel?

A

They are stopped quickly, even when travelling through air

17
Q

What are beta particles?

A

Fast moving electrons

18
Q

How ionising are beta radiation?

A

Strongly ionising

19
Q

How far can beta particles travel?

A
  • Long range in air

- Penetrate moderately into materials

20
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

A very short wavelength of an EM wave

21
Q

How far can gamma rays travel? (2)

A
  • Penetrate far into materials without being stopped

- pass straight through air

22
Q

How ionising are gamma rays?

A

Weakly ionising

23
Q

What do gamma rays not have?

A

A mass and a charge

24
Q

What are the products of alpha decay?

A
  • A helium neucli
  • A gamma ray
  • The new atom it makes
25
Q

How do you know what new atom is made in alpha decay?

A

Take 4 from the mass number and two from the atomic number

26
Q

What is made as products of beta decay?

A
  • A new atom

- A beta particle

27
Q

How do you know what new atom is made in beta decay?

A

Add 1 to the atomic number

28
Q

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of uranium
238
U
92

A
      1. 0
        U -> Th. +. He. + Y
      1. 0
29
Q

Write the nuclear equation for the beta decay of Carbon-14

14
C
6

A
    1. 0
      C ->. N. + e
      6 7. -1
30
Q

What charge do alpha particles have?

A

Positive

31
Q

What charge do beta particles have?

A

Negative

32
Q

What are alpha and beta particles deflected by?

A

Electric and magnetic fields

33
Q

Why are alpha and beta particles deflected in opposite directions by magnetic or electric fields?

A

They have opposite charges

34
Q

Why are alpha particles deflected less even though they have a stronger charge?

A

They have a much greater mass

35
Q

Why is gamma radiation not deflected by electric and magnetic fields?

A

Gamma radiation has no charge

36
Q

What does radiation dose depend on?

A
  • Type

- Amount

37
Q

The higher the radiation dose …

A

…the more at risk you are of developing cancer

38
Q

What do radiographers do to protect themselves from radiation?

A

Wear lead aprons and stand behind lead screens

39
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A
  • Atoms were spheres of positive charge

- Tiny negative electrons stuck in it like plums in a plum pudding

Physics (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions