2B Energy & Enzymes Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Potential Energy
Stored energy
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Energy conversion increases disorder.
Exergonic Reaction
Occur spontaneously, energy is released.
Endergonic Reaction
Not spontaneous, require energy to begin reaction.
ATP structure
A nucleotide with a base adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
Anabolic reaction
Synthesizes a new molecule, the enzyme joins the substrate together and is released as a single molecule.
Catabolic reaction
Breaks down a molecule into smaller products, an enzyme breaking down sucrose into fructose and glucose.
Competitive Inhibitor
Mimics the substrate and competes for active site, reaction does not occur.
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Binds to the enzyme away from the active site, cause active site to change its shape, reactions do not occur.
Negative feedback pathway
When the end-product of a metabolic process shuts down the pathway, no more enzyme is produced.
Catalyst
Substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzyme
A protein molecule that increases the speed of reaction in cells. It functions by breaking down or joining together substrates at the active site.
