2A Membrane Structure

Question 1

What has a similar molecular structure to phospholipids?

Answer 1

Triglycerides

Question 2

What are the components of the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Answer 2

Phospholipid Bilayer, Integral and Peripheral Proteins, Glycoproteins and Glycolipid Chains, Cholesterol

Question 3

Describe the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

Answer 3

Consist of one glycerol molecule linked to two fatty acids in a phosphate group.

Question 4

Describe the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 4

Made up of two layers of phospholipids with the hydrophobic tails facing each other on the inside, with the hydrophilic head groups outside.

Question 5

Amphiphilic (amphipathic)

Answer 5

A molecule with a hydrophilic group attached to a hydrophobic one.

Question 6

Selectively permeable

Answer 6

Allows certain substances to freely cross the membrane while inhibiting others.

Question 7

What molecule can cross the membrane without the use of a channel?

Answer 7

Small, non-charged molecules

Question 8

Types of transport across the cellular membrane.

Answer 8

Active transport is against a gradient using ATP. Bulk transport is large particles with a transport vesicle. Diffusion moves towards lower concentration, no energy. Facilitated transport moves towards lower concentration, no energy but channel needed.

Question 9

Concentration gradient

Answer 9

When a solute is more concentrated in one area than another.

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 11

Isotonic solution

Answer 11

When a solute and the water concentration are equal on both sides.

Question 12

Hypotonic solution

Answer 12

When the concentration of the solute is higher in the cell than the solution.

Question 13

Hypertonic solution

Answer 13

Have a higher concentration of solute in solution compared to cell.

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

The molecule combine with a carrier protein, follow concentration gradient, no energy required.

Question 15

Active diffusion

Answer 15

The molecule combines with a carrier protein, move against gradient, energy required.

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

The movement out of the cell.

Question 17

Endocytosis

Answer 17

Movement into the cell.

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

Movement of many small solid particle or liquid.

Question 19

Phagocytosis

Answer 19

Movement of large, solid molecules.

Question 20

Plasmodesmata

Answer 20

Found in plant cells, they penetrate the cell walls for passage of material between cells.

Question 21

Channel protein

Answer 21

Allows a charged molecule to cross the membrane by diffusion.

Question 22

Carrier protein

Answer 22

Carries a specific charged molecule across the membrane by active transport.

Question 23

Marker protein

Answer 23

Carbohydrate chain attached to cell surface that identifies cell

Question 24

Receptor protein

Answer 24

Interacts with specific molecules and functions for cell signaling.

Question 25

Enzymatic protein

Answer 25

Site of chemical reaction.

Question 26

Junction protein

Answer 26

Joins cells together and can be loose tight or in-between.

Question 27

Aquaporin

Answer 27

Moves water across the membrane.