2B - China - Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are China’s demographics like?
A
- economy has grown
- fertility rates changed due to 1 child policy - also caused imbalance in population so 20m more men than women under 30
- advances in healthcare means infant mortality rates and death rates decrease
2
Q
How does RUM affect China?
A
- more employment opportunities in urban areas so people leave lower quality rural life for a better life
- economic development meant urban areas have more jobs and more wage (gender inequality narrowed but is still there - woman make 49% of population and labour force)
3
Q
What are urban and rural regions in China like?
A
- urban regions have a higher pop. So more services needed and a stronger economy (gov and HQ located here) & factories in city attract more people
- rural regions = remote countryside and production of raw material so low standard of living and employers are not attracted to the periphery (poor)
4
Q
What is China doing to eliminate poverty?
A
- Urban areas have a GDP 10% higher/ yr until 2014
- 8m ooeple out of poverty so in the urban areas = virtually eliminated
- rural areas = development is driven by coastal east but the rural east areas are logging behind and have a per capita income LOWER than national avg.
5
Q
What does China’s Asian regional influence?
A
- brutal occupation by Japan means difficult political relationships and border disputes with India over water from Tibet
- China needs to trade through E and S China sea and Malacca strait
- China is concerned that Vietnam/Phillipnes and Singapore will block trade routes
- wants control over everything in 9 dash lane
6
Q
What international organisations is China involved with?
A
- China joined WTO in 2001 for easier trade with the rest of the world
- founding member of SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Council) and shares wealth, trade and ideas between them (China, Russia, Kazakhstan etc.)
- part of ASEAN - makes problems for other countries like Cambodia if it supports Vietnam/ Philippines more
- member of UN Security council - in 2010-2014 it blocked efforts by USA to interfere in Syria conflict
7
Q
How are China’s relationship with the EU?
A
- Britain needs Chinese wealth for investment for expensive infrastructure like Hs2
- after Tiananmen square = EU stopped selling military equipment to China
- Chinese companies haven’t sold products we,k so have exported large amounts of goods to Europe which reduces their price and so European companies find it hard to make their own profit SO EU has made it harder for Chinese companies to do businesses in airport (e.g. Chinese airlines)
8
Q
How is China’s relationship with the USA?
A
- China wants control over E/S China Sea BUT US believes everyone has free movement through international waters
- China’s building blue water navy = aircraft carriers operating in areas where the USA has influence
- China’s technology is obsolete = 2nd hand ships and only 400 nuclear warheads (USA have 1000+)
- China’s finding ways to stand up to USA and influencing Vietnam / Philippines to want China support NOT USA
- the USA’s 7 Fleet Navy is based at Yokosuka in Japan, so China is building poets and bases in Burma, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka
9
Q
How has population changed the environment in China?
A
- increased population but we want cheap manufacturing
- 83% people are exposed to air that is deemed unhealthy by the Environmental Protection Agency
- almost half of population of China experiences levels of PM 2.5 which is worse than satellite data suggested
- east is more populated than the west
10
Q
How is China’s air?
A
- breathing Beijing’s air is the equivalent of smoking 40 cigarettes a day
- air pollution causes 1.6m deaths/yr (17% of total)
- estimation based on Huai river basin between the Yellow and Yangtze River caused a toll at 1.2 million deaths a year
11
Q
How does location change the environment in China?
A
- pollution is worse in corridor between Beijing and Shanghai as area is washed by the monsoon rains
- levels of PM2.5 is large western such as Chingquing and chendgu, which is half of the national average
12
Q
How is China’s water?
A
- nearly 60% of China’s underground water is polluted - underscoring the severity of environment woes
- 4,778 testing spots in 203 cities showed that 44% ha ps ‘relatively poor’ underground water quality and 15.7% very poor
- water quality improved year on year at 647 spots but worsened in 754 spots
13
Q
How is China impacting climate change?
A
- greenhouses gases stay in the atmosphere for a long time
- CO2 at the start of industrial revolution was still warming the atmosphere
- in the top 10 nations measured by cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2007
- accounts for 12% of total greenhouse in atmosphere and it remained steady over industrial period
14
Q
How is China fighting back in respects to environmental challenge?
A
- planting forests on a larger scale than anywhere on the planet
- National Forest Conservation program (NFCP)- established at the start of 21st cent and is the largest forest conservation program
- bans logging in many forested areas and compensates citizens who monitor activities and help prevent illegal timber harvesting
- forests recovering = 1.6% or 61,000 square miles see significant gain in tree cover
15
Q
How is deforestation in China?
A
- land is needed for cities, food and industry
- consumers want forest based products
- deforestation causes more flooding, soil erosion and climate change
- it also causes ground to be less infertile and decreases farmer’s life and national food security
