2b. Cell structure

Question 1

Name the 8 cell structures

Answer 1

1. Nucleus
2. Cell Wall
3. Cell Membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes
6. Vacuole
7. Chloroplasts
8. Cytoplasm

Question 2

Function of the Nucleus:

Answer 2

Organelle that contains genetic material

Question 3

Function of the Cell Wall:

Answer 3

External to cell membrane that protects and maintains the shape of cell (prevents cell from bursting)

Question 4

Function of the Cell Membrane:

Answer 4

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 5

Function of the Mitochondria:

Answer 5

Organelle that carries out cellular respiration

Question 6

Function of the Ribosomes:

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis

Question 7

Function of the Vacuole:

Answer 7

Storage organelle in plants to store Water and dissolved substances

Question 8

Function of the Chloroplasts:

Answer 8

Plastid in plants that carries out photosynthesis

Question 9

Function of the Cytoplasm:

Answer 9

Material that fills cell to facilitate chemical reactions and hold organelles in place

Question 10

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 10

Process involving the development of newly formed cells into more specialised and distinct cells.

Question 11

What are stem cells?

Question 12

Advantages of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 12

• Medical benefits in therapeutic cloning to heal diseases and chronic illnesses
• Reduced risk of rejection as patient’s own cells can be used
• Potential in discovering treatments and cures for diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and cancer

Question 13

Disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 13

• Uncertainties regarding long-term effects
• Difficulty in controlling differentiation of pre-specialised cells into desired cell
• Rejection by patient’s body as certain stem cells are obtained from embryos instead of their own cells