2a. Localization Flashcards
3 assumptions
- There are biological correlates of human behaviour (eg. neurotransmitters, hormones)
- Behaviour can be genetically inherited (genome)
- Animal research can provide insight
Localization of function
Idea that every behaviour is associated with a specific brain region
What is nervous system?
System of neurons
Central nervous system
Brain + spinal cord
Major parts of brain
Cortex, cerebellum, limbic system, brain stem
What side of the body does the left and right hemisphere control?
Right controls left and vice-versa
Cortex
Layer of neurons with folded surface covering brain outside. Associated with higher order functions
4 lobes of cerebrum
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
Frontal lobe
Higher order thinking, reasoning, decision-making, emotions, voluntary actions, planning
Parietal lobe
Perception, movement, orientation, recognition
Occipital lobe
Visual processing
Temporal lobe
Processing auditory information, memory and speech
Some parts of limbic system
- Thalamus: Sensory
- Hypothalamus: Hunger, emotion
- Amygdala: Memory and fear
- Hippocampus: Memory, spatial orientation
- Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Little brain that is associated with coordination of movement and balance
Brain stem
Underneath limbic system. Regulates vital processes like breathing and heartbeat.
Tan: Disability
Developed gangrene, lost ability to speak. Could only pronounce Tan
Broca’s aphasia
Loss of articulated speech
Tan: Autopsy of brain results
Showed lesion in frontal area of left hemisphere
When did Broca come to conclusion about function of frontal lobe?
After studying around 25 other people, he asserted that left frontal lobe was responsible for speech articulation
Wernicke’s aphasia
General impairment of language but speech is intact. They sound fluent but what they say may be meaningless or out of context
