2A drug list

Question 1

Alendronate class, mechanism, use

Answer 1

Bisphosphonates
Inhibits RANK-L signalling to osteoclasts by osteoblasts so decreased bone resorption
Osteoporosis, Myeloma, long-term steroids

Question 2

Atenolol class, mechanism, use

Answer 2

Cardioselective B-blocker
Inhibits B1 of heart
Angina, ACS, arrhythmias (AF, AFL)

CI in absolute asthma

Question 3

Bendroflumethiazide class, mechanism

Answer 3

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibits Na+ - Cl- cotransporter in DCT

Question 4

Cefuroxime class, use

Answer 4

3rd gen cephalosporin (B lactam)
UTIs inc prostatitis + pyelonephritis, HAP

Question 5

Ciclosporin class, mechanism, use

Answer 5

DMARD, calcineurin inhibitor
Calcineurin activates T cell response so ciclosporin causes immunosuppression
RA, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, dermatitis, sicca

Question 6

Ciprofloxacin class, mechanism, use

Answer 6

Fluoroquinolone abx
DNA gyrase + topoisomerase inhibition
vs gram -ve bacteria: e coli, salmonella, shigella, neisseria, pseudomonas, campylobacter + chlamydia

MENINGITIS PROPHYLAXIS

Question 7

Co-amoxiclav class, mechanism, use

Answer 7

combined amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
(B lactam + B lactamase inhibitor)

so v useful for B lactamase-producing bacterial strains where amox is insufficient

sinusitis, UTI, skin infection, joint infection, dental infection

Question 8

Dalteparin class, mechanism, use

Answer 8

LMWH
inhibits antithrombin III (so is an anticoag)
DVT + PE to prevent risk of MI/ ischaemic stroke

Question 9

Dobutamine class, use

Answer 9

given IV only

B1 adrenergic agonist

cardiogenic shock + heart failure

Question 10

Doxazosin class, use

Answer 10

adrenergic antagonist- “alpha blocker”
HTN, pheochromocytoma (+HTN crisis), BPH (relaxes detrusor muscle neck -> easy wee)

Question 11

Erythromycin class, mechanism, use

Answer 11

macrolide
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
CAP, URTI, pertussis, diphtheria

Question 12

Clarithromycin class, mechanism, use

Answer 12

Macrolide
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
1st line for atypical CAP esp legionaire’s

Question 13

Azithromycin class, mechanism, use

Answer 13

Macrolide
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
1st line for chlamydia + gonorrhoea

Question 14

Ethinylestradiol class, use

Answer 14

Oestrogen replacement (HRT)
Treats postmenopausally lowered oestrogen which can cause osteoporosis

Question 15

Furosemide class, mechanism, use

Answer 15

Loop diuretic
Inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending LoH

Question 16

Ipratropium bromide class, mechanism, use

Answer 16

SAM3A
Inhibits M3 antagonist which is used to treat asthma acute + long term
Causes bronchodilation
SAB2A preferred

Question 17

Loperamide class, use

Answer 17

Antimotility agent
GI cases where pt has severe diarrhoea eg IBS-D, IBD

CI in constipation

Question 18

Metformin class, mechanism, use, SE

Answer 18

Biguanide
Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin
T2DM
GI upset + anorexia

Question 19

Methotrexate class, mechanism, use

Answer 19

DMARD
Folate synthesis inhibition, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
RA, psoriasis reactive arthritis

CI in pregnancy

Question 20

Oxybutynin class, use

Answer 20

Antimuscarinic
Overactive bladder- LUTS (freq + urgency, incontinence, stress + urge)

Question 21

Paracetamol class, use

Answer 21

mild analgesic
fever + mild/ moderate pain

OD can be fatal

Question 22

Ramipril class, mechanism, use, SE

Answer 22

ACE-i
Inhibits angiotensin 1 -> 2 (using ACE) so decreased aldosterone, decreased ADH
HTN

Hypokalemia, severe dehydration, AKI, dry cough (accumulation of bradykinin- switch to ARB eg losartan)

Question 23

Rifampicin class, use, SE

Answer 23

RNA polymerase inhibiting abx
TB- taken for 6 months
red/orange coloured urine/ tears

Question 24

Rivaroxaban class, mechanism, use

Answer 24

DOAC
Factor Xa inhibitor
1st line prophylactically for DVT + PE

Question 25

Salmeterol class, mechanism, use

Answer 25

LAB2A
Inhaled B2 agonist
Asthma but lower down the management ladder

Question 26

Sildenafil class, mechanism, use

Answer 26

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
Potent selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
ED + pulmonary HTN

Question 27

Tamsulosin class, mechanism, use

Answer 27

Alpha blocker
Inhibits alpha adrenergic receptors
Controls BP in HTN crisis- before Bb; prevent reactive vasoconstriction

SE: postural hypotension

BPH: relaxes bladder neck -> easy wee