2A drug list Flashcards
Alendronate class, mechanism, use
Bisphosphonates
Inhibits RANK-L signalling to osteoclasts by osteoblasts so decreased bone resorption
Osteoporosis, Myeloma, long-term steroids
Atenolol class, mechanism, use
Cardioselective B-blocker
Inhibits B1 of heart
Angina, ACS, arrhythmias (AF, AFL)
CI in absolute asthma
Bendroflumethiazide class, mechanism
Thiazide diuretic
Inhibits Na+ - Cl- cotransporter in DCT
Cefuroxime class, use
3rd gen cephalosporin (B lactam)
UTIs inc prostatitis + pyelonephritis, HAP
Ciclosporin class, mechanism, use
DMARD, calcineurin inhibitor
Calcineurin activates T cell response so ciclosporin causes immunosuppression
RA, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, dermatitis, sicca
Ciprofloxacin class, mechanism, use
Fluoroquinolone abx
DNA gyrase + topoisomerase inhibition
vs gram -ve bacteria: e coli, salmonella, shigella, neisseria, pseudomonas, campylobacter + chlamydia
MENINGITIS PROPHYLAXIS
Co-amoxiclav class, mechanism, use
combined amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
(B lactam + B lactamase inhibitor)
so v useful for B lactamase-producing bacterial strains where amox is insufficient
sinusitis, UTI, skin infection, joint infection, dental infection
Dalteparin class, mechanism, use
LMWH
inhibits antithrombin III (so is an anticoag)
DVT + PE to prevent risk of MI/ ischaemic stroke
Dobutamine class, use
given IV only
B1 adrenergic agonist
cardiogenic shock + heart failure
Doxazosin class, use
adrenergic antagonist- “alpha blocker”
HTN, pheochromocytoma (+HTN crisis), BPH (relaxes detrusor muscle neck -> easy wee)
Erythromycin class, mechanism, use
macrolide
inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
CAP, URTI, pertussis, diphtheria
Clarithromycin class, mechanism, use
Macrolide
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
1st line for atypical CAP esp legionaire’s
Azithromycin class, mechanism, use
Macrolide
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
1st line for chlamydia + gonorrhoea
Ethinylestradiol class, use
Oestrogen replacement (HRT)
Treats postmenopausally lowered oestrogen which can cause osteoporosis
Furosemide class, mechanism, use
Loop diuretic
Inhibits NKCC2 transporter in ascending LoH
Ipratropium bromide class, mechanism, use
SAM3A
Inhibits M3 antagonist which is used to treat asthma acute + long term
Causes bronchodilation
SAB2A preferred
Loperamide class, use
Antimotility agent
GI cases where pt has severe diarrhoea eg IBS-D, IBD
CI in constipation
Metformin class, mechanism, use, SE
Biguanide
Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin
T2DM
GI upset + anorexia
Methotrexate class, mechanism, use
DMARD
Folate synthesis inhibition, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
RA, psoriasis reactive arthritis
CI in pregnancy
Oxybutynin class, use
Antimuscarinic
Overactive bladder- LUTS (freq + urgency, incontinence, stress + urge)
Paracetamol class, use
mild analgesic
fever + mild/ moderate pain
OD can be fatal
Ramipril class, mechanism, use, SE
ACE-i
Inhibits angiotensin 1 -> 2 (using ACE) so decreased aldosterone, decreased ADH
HTN
Hypokalemia, severe dehydration, AKI, dry cough (accumulation of bradykinin- switch to ARB eg losartan)
Rifampicin class, use, SE
RNA polymerase inhibiting abx
TB- taken for 6 months
red/orange coloured urine/ tears
Rivaroxaban class, mechanism, use
DOAC
Factor Xa inhibitor
1st line prophylactically for DVT + PE
