2a- challenges to sovereignty and territorial integrity Flashcards
how do current political boundaries challenge sovereignty and territorial integrity
contested territory - Russia’s annexation of Crimea and support for separatists in Ukraine threatened the territorial integrity
Transnational movement of terrorist activity on the Syria Turkey border including smuggling of fighters, oil, weapons and military supplies threatens the territorial integrity of the two countries
legacy of colonialism- in the scramble for Africa political boundaries were created which separated ethnic groups so they may want to create a new country eg Mali, to threaten TI.
how do TNCs challenge sovereignty and territorial integrity
TNCS expand their operations despite state borders (threatens TI). Some have so much economic power that states have lost control of their workforce, territory and environment and the government is unable to protect its citizens as lots of TNCS violate human rights (threatens S)
E.g Shell in Nigeria polluted the Niger delta where the Ogoni tribe lived so they rebelled against shell led by Ken Saro Wiwa, more than 4000 were killed and some were put on trial but Shell was suspected to have rigged the trials.
Significant in LIDC
What are supranational institutions
tier of governance above that of the individual state like EU, UN, NATO.
how do supranational institutions challenge sovereignty and territorial integrity
Member states surrender some sovereignty as they are bound to the requirements of the supranational institutions and must comply with their laws.
E.g the EU provides political and economic union between member countries, and provides trade opportunities and a place to discuss global issues like air pollution but can challenge individual power and autonomy.
Countries are required to implement EU law even if they didn’t vote for them and they cant pass laws if they contradict the EU
how do political dominance of an ethnic group challenge sovereignty and territorial integrity
geopolitical borders don’t reflect the distribution of ethnic groups, they have a strong sense of identity with shared history, culture and language so may want to create their own states (challenges TI) Internal conflict caused by this can mean that governments lose the ability to protect their citizens (challenges sovereignty).
More significant in post-colonial countries as in scrabble for Africa lots of ethnic groups were split up, also if there’s a weak government there is more risk of this, especially if all groups don’t feel represented evenly- tends to be LIDC as they have weaker governments and often post colonial
how did geographical position causes and challenges to the government in Ukraine
between Russia and Europe
how did internal ethnic and political divide causes and challenges to the government in Ukraine
in the east more Russian speaking people and in the west more Ukrainian people. 60% of Crimea speaks Russian but only 17.3% of the whole population whereas 77.8% of population is Ukrainian so struggle to build a common national identity and develop stable state mechanisms
how did corruption causes and challenges to the government in Ukraine
lots of corruption, rigged elections and unpopular government policies led to demonstrations like the Iron Maidens.
There was civil unrest in 2013 from the Yanukovych government failure to sign a deal to join the EU in favour of a closer economic ties with russia
how did military causes and challenges to the government in Ukraine
Military conflict in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, pro Russian separatists were supplied with man power, weaponry and finance by the Russian federation. Russia invaded and annexed crimea
economic impact of conflict in Ukraine on people
evacuees moved into disused huts and summer camps so they couldn’t work and had no income
peoples places of work and services were bombed
social impact on people
poor quality shelter and lack of access to healthcare and food meant young, old and disabled people were vulnerable
7000 deaths and 13900 injured including 298 people in civilian aircraft shot down
town of debutseve was bombed- left people with no power of heat
economic impact on places
industrial plants like Makiyuka chemical works were damaged
economic sanctions by the EU has led to increase prices and decrease value of the Ruble in Russia
social impacts on places
Donetsk airport had lots of fighting and rockets fired on Ukrainian military HQ
Donbass military and civilian areas suffered loss of power and water supply
NATO has increased its strength in potentially vulnerable former soviet states
environmental impacts on places
areas of forests have been burning more than usual
movement of heavy vehicles has damaged nature reserves
