29 Amino Acid Metabolism 2

Question 1

the non-essential amino acids

Answer 1

Alanine, asparagine, aspartate, serine, glycine, glutamine, glutamate, proline, arginine, tyrosine, cysteine (* require an essential AA)

Question 2

the essential amino acids/ diet

Answer 2

Lysine, Isoleucine, leucine, threonine, valine, methionine, Histidine, Tryptophan (Other: Tyrosine and Phenylalanine)

Question 3

non-essential amino acids made from glycolysis intermediates

Answer 3

Serine, Glycine, Cysteine, (Pyruvate)

—->Alanine

Question 4

non-essential amino acids made from TCA cycle intermediates

Answer 4

From Oxaloacetate: Aspartate and Asparagine, From Alpha-ketoglutarate: glutamate, glutamine, proline, Arginine and Ornithine

Question 5

How Amino acids are synthesized from glycolysis intermediate, 3-phosphoglycerate (4)

Answer 5

Serine is synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate, Glycine is made from Serine in a reversible reaction, Cysteine is made from serine in an irreversible reaction, and Alanine is made from the transamination of pyruvate…..They are all degraded to Pyruvate

Question 6

synthesis pathway for glycine uses which cofactors

Answer 6

It utilizes PLP, a derivative of Vitamin B6, and FH4

Question 7

most common degradative pathway for glycine

Answer 7

glycine is broken down to CO2 using Glycine cleavage enzyme and FH4, and generating NADH and NH4+

Question 8

the two non-essential amino acids which depend on essential amino acids

Answer 8

Tyrosine depends on Phenylalanine, and Cysteine depends on serine for its nitrogen and carbon backbone, and methionine donates its -SH group via homocysteine

Question 9

Amino acids RELATED to and synthesized from TCA cycle intermediates (alpha-ketoglutarate/glutamate)

Answer 9

Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline and Arginine`

Question 10

Amino acids RELATED to and synthesized from TCA cycle intermediates ( Oxaloacetate)

Answer 10

Aspartate and Asparagine

Question 11

Amino acids degrade and form Oxaloacetate, TCA cycle intermediate

Answer 11

Aspartate and Asparagine

Question 12

Amino acids degrade and form Fumarate,

TCA cycle intermediate

Answer 12

Aspartate, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

Question 13

Amino acids degrade and form Succinyl CoA,

TCA cycle intermediate

Answer 13

Methionine, Isoleucine, Valine and Threonine to succinyl coA via propionyl CoA

Question 14

Amino acids degraded and form Alpha- ketoglutarate, TCA cycle intermediate

Answer 14

Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline, Arginine

Question 15

the three nitrogen fixing enzymes in humans

Answer 15

glutamine synthetase catalyzes conversion of glutamate to glutamine, adding free ammonium to form glutamine
glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible trans-amination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and free ammonium
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I catalyzes the first step of the urea cycle, the condensation of free ammonium and HCO3- to form carbamoyl phosphate

Question 16

the enzymes which catalyzes the interconversion of aspartate and asparagine

Answer 16

Asparagine synthetase, using ATP and glutamine as the nitrogen donor
and Asparaginase using H20

Question 17

the enzymes which catalyzes the interconversion of glutamate and glutamine

Answer 17

Glutamine synthetase, using ATP and NH4+ as the nitrogen donor and Glutaminase using H20

Question 18

Branched chain Amino acids are important because of and the major site of branched chain AA degradation

Answer 18

they are important because they are a good source of fuel. they are Valine, Isoleucine and Leucine (VIL). They make up 25% of the aa content of proteins. Muscle is the major site of branched chain-AA degradation

Question 19

defective enzyme of branched chain amino acid degradation in maple syrup urine disease

Answer 19

branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

Question 20

ketogenic only amino acids

Answer 20

Leucine and Lysine

Question 21

both ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids (5)

Answer 21

Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine

Question 22

the common form of PKU has which defective enzyme

Answer 22

the defective enzyme is phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme, which is the first step in catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine

Question 23

the biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids involves which 4 common metabolic intermediates

Answer 23

pyruvate
oxaloacetate
alpha-ketoglutarate
3-phosphoglycerate