2.8 Haloalkanes Flashcards
What is a nucleophile?
An electron pair donor. Reagents that attack and form bonds with positively charged carbon atom
Name 3 nucleophiles?
Hydroxide ion OH-
Ammonia NH3
Cyanide ion CN-
When drawing mechanisms, what do the arrows show?
The movement of a pair of electrons
In an elimination reaction, what is the OH- ion acting as?
A base
What is a primary haloalkane?
An haloalkane where the carbon that the halogen its bonded to, only forms a bond with one other carbon atom
What is a secondary haloalkane?
An haloalkane in which the carbon that the halogen is bonded to is bonded to two other carbons
How does bond Enthalpy affect the rate of nucleophilic substitution?
A lower bond Enthalpy increases the rate
What type of light is needed for free radical substitution?
UV light
Name the 3 different stages in free radical substitution
Initiation, propagation, termination
What is needed for multi substitution to occur?
Excess free radicals
What is the general formula for haloalkanes?
CnH2n+1X
Which halogen carbon bond has the highest bond Enthalpy?
C-F
How do we list the different halogens when naming the haloalkane?
Alphabetical order
Are haloalkanes soluble?
No
What happens to the boiling point of haloalkanes as we go down the halogen group?
Increases
