1.5 & 1.6 Intro to Organic & Alkanes

Question 0

What is the only functional group isomer (that we need to know about) of “Hexene” (C6H12)?

Answer 0

Cyclohexane. This is a ring of six carbon atoms, each one is bonded to two hydrogens.

Question 1

When an “OH” group does not take priority and thus loses the suffix “ol”, how do we indicate the presence of an “OH” group when naming the molecule?

Answer 1

We use the term “hydroxy”. For example if we had 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (aka lactic acid) the carboxylic acid takes priority over the “OH” group on the second carbon atom.

Question 2

Why do we not need to specify the number of the carbon atom upon which the methyl group is attached to in “methylpropane”? Note: there’s no harm in doing this in the exam, however if you get the number wrong you will lose marks.

Answer 2

If the methyl group were on any Carbon other than the second the molecule would no longer be methylpropane, it would now be butane. This means the name implies the carbon atom’s number upon which the methyl group lies.

Question 3

How many bonds can a carbon atom make?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

What would you call this?

Answer 4

2,2-Dimethylhexane

Question 5

What’s the name of this ‘ere functional group?

And where is the only place in a molecule we can find it?

Answer 5

An Aldehyde.

We can only find them on a carbon aton attached to one other carbon atom. In other words there can only be primary aldehydes.

Question 6

Name the appropriate suffix for each of the following, assuming that each is the highest priority functional group…

1. ) An aldehyde
2. ) A carboxylic Acid
3. ) A ketone
4. ) An alcohol
5. ) A standard hydrocarbon
6. ) An alkene

Answer 6

1. ) “al”
2. ) “oic acid”
3. ) “one” - pronounced “own”
4. ) “ol”
5. ) “ane”
6. ) “ene”

Question 7

List the prefixes used to indicate the number of carbon atoms in a chain from 1 to 8.

Answer 7

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct.

Question 8

What name would you give this?

Answer 8

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Question 9

Draw out “2,2-Chlorofluoropropane” please.

Answer 9

Hopefully it looked something like this. In the real exam make sure to draw out all the hydogen bonds however.

Question 10

Draw out “tetramethylmethane”

Answer 10

It should look like this, with hydrogen bonds drawn out fully though.

Question 11

Define structural isomerism.

Answer 11

Any two molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures, i.e they are put together in different ways.

Question 12

What types of isomerism are shown between Butan-2-one and methylpropanal?

Answer 12

Functioal group isomerism (between the aldehyde and the ketone) and chain/strucural isomerism between the butan and the methylpropan.

Question 13

What type of isomerism is shon between 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane?

Answer 13

Position isomerism

Question 14

Hypothetically if we had a Fluorine, a Chlorine, a Brominne and an Iodine attached to a carbon atojm what would we call it? Baring in mind the order in which the halogens must be listed…

Answer 14

Bromochloroflouroiodomethane