2.8 Cell respiration Flashcards
What three main types of cell activity requires energy?
- synthesizing large molecules like DNA, RNA and proteins
- pumping molecules or ions across membranes by active transport
- moving things around inside the cell, such as chromosomes, vesicles, or in muscle cells the protein fibers that cost muscle contraction
What is ATP? How is energy released?
ATP as a source of energy. ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source of energy in the cell. Provide energy for metabolic reactions
It is released simply by splitting ATP into ADP and phosphate. The ADP and phosphate can then be re-converted to ATP by cell respiration.
What is cellular respiration? Which two organic molecules other than glucose can be used?
Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP.
Lipids and proteins
What is anaerobic respiration?
In which 3 situation is an aerobic cell respiration useful?
What is the product of anaerobic respiration?
Breaking glucose down into ATP without oxygen.
Anaerobic cellular respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose.
The yield is small but the ATP can be produced quickly
- when is short for rapid burst of ATP production is needed
- when oxygen supplies run out in respiring cells
- an environment that is deficient in oxygen
Products: In humans glucose is converted to lactic acid, yeast and plants glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Both lactate and ethanol are toxic and excess, so must be removed from the cell that produces them, or be produced in strictly limited quantities
What is yeast and its uses?
East is a unicellular fungus that occurs naturally in habitats where glucose or other sugars are available.
In baking: Yeast is incorporated into though to give it a lighter texture. The dough is left warm to encourage the yeast to respire. Any oxygen in the dough is used up as the yeast carries out anaerobic cellular respiration. The CO2 produced cant escape from the dough and forms bubbles. The swelling of the dough due to the production of bubbles of carbon dioxide is called rising. Ethanol is also produced by anaerobic some respiration, but it evaporates during baking.
What is the structure of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate is classed as a nucleotide is composed of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups. They are covalently bonded.
Where does anaerobic and aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria in eukaryotes
cytoplasm and or within the cell membrane for prokaryotes
State the type of molecules that control the process of respiration?
Enzymes.
Slow respiration is an example of a metabolic process
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that requires energy and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose
If oxygen is available to a cell, glucose can be more fully broken down to release a greater quantity of energy that an anaerobic cell respiration.
Carbon dioxide and water are produced. And eukaryotic cells most of the reaction of aerobic cellular respiration, including all of the reaction that produces carbon dioxide, happen inside the mitochondrion.
What is a respirometer?
any device that is used to measure respiration rate
What do most respirometer involve? (3)
- a sealed glass or plastic container in which the orgainism or tissue is placed
- an alkali, such as potassium hydroxide, to absorb carbon dioxide
- a capillary tube containing fluid, connected to the container
In a respirometer, if the organisms inside are carrying out aerobin cell respiration, what can be expected of the volume of air and the fluid in the capillary tube?
volume of air will reduce
fluid in the capillary tube will move towards the container with the organisms
because oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide produced by aerobic cell respiration is absorbed by the alkali
What is the DV of the respirometer?
the position of the fluid
If the temperature inside the respirpmeter fluctuates, what happens to the data?
will not be reliable because an increase in air temperature causes an increase in volume
