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Foundations > 28 Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

28 Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the GI tract start and end?

A

mouth—>anus

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2
Q

How does the food travel from the esophagus to the stomach?

A

peristalsis

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3
Q

What are the three chemicals is the stomach?

A

HCl, pepsin, gastric lipase

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4
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestines?

A

duodenum, jejunum, illeum

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5
Q

Mostly digestion and some absorption

A

small intestine

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6
Q

mostly absorption

A

large intestine

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7
Q

what does the large intestine absorbs?

A

water, vit, min

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8
Q

what have cilli and microvilli and with do they do?

A

small intestines, increase surface tension

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9
Q

what is the large intestine also known as?

A

the colon

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10
Q

what are the parts of the large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum, anus

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11
Q

for someone who has diarrhea what are they most likely to have

A

fecal incontinence pouch

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12
Q

what initiate the contraction of sigmoid colon/rectal muscles?

A

stretch receptors

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13
Q

what sphincter is involuntary?

A

internal anal sphincter

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14
Q

what sphincter is voluntary?

A

external anal sphincter

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15
Q

what cause voluntary “bearing down”

A

sensory impulses

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16
Q

free from appliance

A

kock notch

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17
Q

normal flora in the colon aid in digestion and produce

A

vit K and B

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18
Q

what makes feces brown?

A

bile salts reacting with bacteria

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19
Q

gas is also know as

A

flatus

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20
Q

what is stool consisted of

A

75%water and 25%solid

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21
Q

bowel movement is also know as

A

defecation

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22
Q

voluntary bearing down to expel feces while maintaining a closed airway. Slows heart rates, increases BP, causes on surgical incisions

A

Valsalva Maneuver

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23
Q

vomiting is also known as

A

reverse peristalsis

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24
Q

What two minerals can constipate?

A

Ca and Fe

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25
Q

anesthesias can cause

A

constipation

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26
Q

What is newborns stool called?

A

meconium green black and sticky

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27
Q

breast fed infants stool

A

runny yellow

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28
Q

cessation of peristalsis

A

paralytic ileus

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29
Q

when patches of the colon become inflamed

A

diverticulitis

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30
Q

pregnancy ______ bowel elimination

A

decreases

31
Q

to avoid continuous drainage; pt inserts a tube several times/day

A

kock pouch

32
Q

colon removed pt eliminates through rectum liquid

A

total colectomy

33
Q

brings portion of colon to opening in abdomen; location determine consistency

A

colostomy

34
Q

2 stomas

A

double barrelled

35
Q

high-pitched, 5-15q minute

A

normal

36
Q

very high-pitched, increased frequency

A

hyperactive

37
Q

low-pitched, infrequent

A

hypoactive

38
Q

no sound in 3-5 minutes

A

absent

39
Q

when does colonoscopy screening begin?

A

age 50

40
Q

view colon

A

colonoscopy (direct)

41
Q

view sigmoid

A

sigmoidoscopy (direct)

42
Q

view for impaction, mass, air

A

flat plate - radiographic (indirect)

43
Q

blue blood test

A

+ for blood

44
Q

how to test for parasites?

A

tape butt

45
Q

what can cause a false - blood test?

A

vit c

46
Q

what can cause a false + blood test?

A

Iron, red meat

47
Q

if someone is taking an antiacid for heartburn they will most likely experience

A

constipation

48
Q

what are some things that increase peristalsis?

A

vit c
caffeine
yogurt
Magnesium

49
Q

before giving someone a hypertonic solution you should check what levels?

A

BUN and creatine

50
Q

opoids cause

A

constipation

51
Q

when a pt admits to taking laxatives

A

perceived constipation

52
Q

how much fiber should we intake

A

25-30g/day

53
Q

what can cause an inaccurate blood fecal occult?

A

menstruation
vit c
red meat
iron

54
Q

how much water is recommended daily?

A

8-10 8oz glasses

55
Q

if someone is using a bed pan what position should they be in?

A

semi fowler’s position

56
Q

people should try to go to the restroom after

A

each meal

57
Q

when should you see a PCP?

A 
blood in stool
severe abdominal pain
change in bowel habits
unintended weight loss
unrelieved constipation
58
Q

What should you monitor with diarrhea?

A

stools
fluid balance
electrolyte balance
skin

59
Q

What should someone with diarrhea’s eating pattern look like?

A

BRATS, clear liquid (sips), yogurt

avoid spicy, greasy, high-fat,caffeine, fiber

60
Q

What is antidiarrheal meds not recommended for?

A

acute diarrhea

61
Q

what are antidiarrheal meds?

A

lomotil and immodium

62
Q

when someone has diarrhea you should increase the fiber intake to

A

25-38g/day

63
Q

large volume of removing feces

A

cleansing enema

64
Q

small volume to be retained (oil, carminative, meds, nutrition)

A

retention

65
Q

small volume, multiple, with rectal tube

A

return-flow

66
Q

what facilitates passage of gas?

A

rectal tube

67
Q

if someone has a lot of gas what enema would you give them?

A

return-flow

68
Q

What is specific about disimpacting?

A

must have prescription

69
Q

why should you have a prescription?

A

may stimulate vagus nerve—>slow heart

70
Q

What food trigger flatulence?

A 
broccoli
onions
cauliflower
beans
cabbage
spicy food
71
Q

You would report to MD if stoma is

A

black, dusky, pale, dry, or sloughing tissue

72
Q

Never refer to diaper as a

A

diaper

73
Q

Which enemas would you hold in longer?

A

hypotonic and isotonic

74
Q

which enema would you not hold as long

A

hypertonic

Foundations (3 decks)

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