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Foundations > 27 Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

27 Urinary Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

What is urine formed by?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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2
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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3
Q

Biproduct of protein metabolism

A

BUN

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4
Q

Produce erythropoietin, secrete renin, activate vit D

A

kidneys

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5
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

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6
Q

where does filtration occur?

A

glomeruli

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7
Q

micturition

A

urination

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8
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A 
regulate blood volume
regulate blood pressure
acid-base volume
electrolyte levels
secretes hydrogen ions
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9
Q

application of gentle pressure to bladder

A

credes maneuver

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10
Q

bedwetting

A

enuresis

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11
Q

how much urine does the bladder usually hold?

A

200-450mL

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12
Q

voiding

A

urination

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13
Q

what does voiding and control of urine require?

A

functioning bladder and urethra, brain, spinal cord, nerves

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14
Q

how much of cardiac output do the kidneys get?

A

20-25%

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15
Q

brain tells ______ ________ to relax

A

external sphincter

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16
Q

no voluntary control

A

internal sphincter

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17
Q

when the detrusor muscle relaxes

A

bladder fills with urine again

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18
Q

how long is the female urethra

A

3-4in

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19
Q

how long is the male urethra

A

8in

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20
Q

can you palpate and empty bladder?

A

no

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21
Q

how much urine is produced per hour?

A

50-60mL

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22
Q

how much urine is produced daily?

A

1500mL

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23
Q

what is the normal color of urine?

A

pale to yellow

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24
Q

how many wet diapers do infants have per day

A

8-10

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25
Q

when does toilet training usually occur?

A

18-36 months

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26
Q

if kidney production is decreased

A

urine output in decreased

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27
Q

what does toilet training require?

A

mature neuromuscular sustem

adequate communication skills

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28
Q

lack of urinary control after age 5-6

A

enuresis

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29
Q

bed wetting considered problem after age 6

A

nocturnal enuresis

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30
Q

never night dryness

A

primary enuresis

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31
Q

6 mths of dryness then all of the sudden bed wetting

A

secondary enuresis

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32
Q

what are some considerations of older adults with urination

A 
kidneys functions decrease
urgency and frequency increase
loss of bladder elasticity and muscle tone
incontinence/nocturia
incomplete emptying
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33
Q

getting up in the middle of the night to urinate

A

nocturia

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34
Q

delaying peeing leads to

A

UTI

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35
Q

alcohol and caffeine make you

A

pee more

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36
Q

long term use of _________ can damage kidneys

A

NSAIDS

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37
Q

nephron toxic meds

A

damage kidneys

38
Q

what do anesthesia do?

A

decrease urine production

decrease output

39
Q

urethra infection

A

urethritis

40
Q

bladder infection

A

cystitis

41
Q

kidney infection/ureter

A

pyelonephritis

42
Q

involuntary loss of urine

A

incontinence

43
Q

who have more kidney infections?

A

women

44
Q

you want input to equal

A

output

45
Q

if you miss one you must start over

A

24 hour urine specimen

46
Q

void the first keep the rest

A

24 hour urine collection

47
Q

oral fluids, semi liquid foods, ice, IV fluids, tube feedings, irrigations not withdrawing immediately

A

fluid input

48
Q

urine, gastrointestinal fluids (emesis=vomiting), liquid feces, drainage (wounds or throat)

A

fluid output

49
Q

what measures specific gravity?

A

refractometer

50
Q

UTI are commonly infected with

A

E. Coli

51
Q

catch and send to lab/refrigerate within 30 mins

A

freshly voided specimen

52
Q

clean. mid stream

A

clean catch

53
Q

helps determine UTI

A

sterile specimen

54
Q

prescribed

A

24 hours urine collection

55
Q

freshly voided specimen dipstick

A

US urinary analysis

56
Q

concentration of urine

A

specific gravity

57
Q

specific gravity should be between

A

1.002-1.028

58
Q

What are the four parts of the urinary system?

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

59
Q

During secretion what do the kidneys secrete?

A

Hydrogen, ammonia, creatine, medications

60
Q

Frequency, burning, urgency, bladder spasms, foul-smell, hematuria, back pain, fever, chills

A

UTI

61
Q

how do you prevent a UTI?

A

adequate water intake, do not postpone urination, clean from front to back, cotton underwear, avoid tight clothes, urinate after intercourse, avoid bubble baths and baking soda baths

62
Q

inability to empty bladder completely

A

urinary retention

63
Q

What are the 5 causes of urinary retention?

A 
obstruction
inflammation & swelling
neurological
medications
anxiety
64
Q

How does E. Coli normally cause UTI’s?

A

from wiping the wrong way

65
Q

Lack of voluntary control of urine

A

urinary incontinence

66
Q

(overactive bladder)strong urge to void with involuntary urine loss–large amounts

A

urge incontinence

67
Q

less that 50mL loss of urine r/t increased intrabdominal pressure

A

stress incontinence

68
Q

happens suring laughter, coughing, sneezing, lifting

A

stress incontinence

69
Q

combinations of stress and urge

A

mixed

70
Q

due to distended bladder r/t fecal impact, neurological disorders, enlarged prostate

A

overflow

71
Q

inability of usually continent people to make it to the toilet in time

A

functional incontinence

72
Q

short term incontinence (UTI, diuretics)

A

transient incontinence

73
Q

loss of urine with full bladder but person feels no urge to void

A

unconscious (reflex) incontinence

74
Q

involuntary after age 5-6

A

enuresis

75
Q

bedwetting (up to age 10)

A

nocturnal enuresis

76
Q 
timed voiding
kegel exercises
reduce caffeine
weight loss
medication(anticholinergic such as ditropen, detrol)
intravaginal devices
surgery
A

urinary incontinence treatments

77
Q

surgical opening for urinary elimination, constant involuntary flow through stoma/ostomy into collection pouch

A

urinary diversion/urostomy

78
Q

directly routes ureter to abdominal surface (bilateral/unilateral)

A

cutaneous ureterostomy

79
Q

uses bowel pouch to connect ureters to abdominal surface

A

illeal conduit

80
Q

(kock pouch) illeal conduit pouch with surface valve that keeps stoma from leaking. pt must self cath

A

illeal bladder conduit

81
Q

What should a healthy stoma look like?

A

seep pink/ brick red, shiny, moist, no skin breakdown

82
Q

What happens if urine gets on skin?

A

acid breaks down skin

83
Q

What medication stimulates bladder contraction?

A

colinergic

84
Q

bigger catheter =

A

bigger number

85
Q

Foley catheter is also known as a

A

indwelling urinary catheter

86
Q

what is the #1 cause of hospital infections

A

Foley (indwelling) catheters

87
Q

which catheter is used for a sterile specimen?

A

Straight catheter

88
Q

prevent UTI-closed system
Maintain flow-prevent backflow & stasis of urine
Encourage fluids:measure output
Skin integrity

A

nursing care for urinary catheter

89
Q

which catheter is used for obstruction?

A

suprapubic catheter

90
Q

Which blood level lis commonly tested to assess kidney function?

A

creatine

Foundations (3 decks)

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