2.8 Blood glucose levels and obesity Flashcards
how does diabetes effect blood glucose levels
someone with diabetes will have chronic elevation of blood glucose levels
This may cause atherosclerosis to develop increasing the risk of a PVD or a stroke.
How does the pancreas help to lower blood glucose levels?
pancreatic receptors detect low glucose levels and the pancreas responds by releasing insulin.
Insulin is transported to the liver, where it binds to receptors.
insulin then activates the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver, decreasing glucose concentration.
How does the pancreas help to increase glucose levels.?
pancreatic receptors detect low glucose levels and the pancreas responds by secreting glucagon. Glucagon activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.
Desrcribe how the body responds to a fight or flight situation?
during exercise and fight or flight, glucose concentrations in the blood are raised by adrenaline which is released from adrenaline glands.
Adrenaline inhibits insulin production and stimulates glucagon production to increase glucose levels.
what is the difference between type one and type two diabetes?
in type one diabetes insulin cells in the pancreas are unable to produce insulin whereas in type 2 diabetes the pancreas can produce insulin but liver cells are less sensitive are less sensitive due a decreased number of insulin receptors.
state 3 diabetes indicators
blood glucose levels will rise rapidly after meals
the kidneys will remove some glucose resulting in it appearing in urine
The loss of glucose is balanced with a loss of water so a symptom of diabetes is feeling thirsty.
describe a glucose tolerance test
used to diagnose diabetes
glucose concentration is measured after fasting
the individual drinks a glucose solution and glucose levels are measured for next two hours
diabetic concentration increases more than non diabetic.
state two causes of obesity
high saturated fat diet
lack of physical activity
describe preventative measures for obesity
energy consumption in the diet should limit the consumption of high fat and sugar foods as fats have a higher calorific value than natural sugars which take no metabolic energy to digest.
whys is obesity bad?
increases the risk of CVD and type two diabetes.
describe the effect of chronic elevation on blood glucose levels.
leads to endothelium cells absorbing more glucose than normal. This causes atherosclerosis to develop leading to CVD and stroke.
