28: Biodiversity Flashcards

Question

What are the characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Plantae?

Answer 1

All plant cells have a **cellulose cell wall** are green plants contain **chloroplasts**. They carry out **autotrophic nutrition** and use **photosynthesis** to make their own food.

Answer 2

Animal cells have **no cell wall** and they cannot produce their own food. They must take in food.

Answer 3

Since *Holothuria floridana* and *Holothuria tubulosa* share the same genus, they are more closely related to each other than with *Urophycis floridana*, which belongs to another genus. Although *Holothuria floridana* and *Urophycis floridana* share the same species name, they are **two different species** since they have different genus names. Therefore they are less closely related than *Holothuria floridana* and *Holothuria tubulosa*.

Answer 4

They are **not classified as organisms**. They do not have cell membrane, nucleus, or cytoplasm. They can only reproduce inside living cells of other organisms.

Answer 5

Class Pisces (fish), Class Amphibia (amphibians), Class Reptilia (reptiles), Class Aves (birds), Class Mammalia (mammals)

Answer 6

Poikilotherms are cold-blooded and their internal body temperature **varies with ambient temperature**. Homoiotherms are warm-blooded and their internal body temperature remains **relatively constant**.

Answer 7

Homoiotherms have a **higher survival rate** since they are less susceptible to the changes in environment that causes the changes in **enzymes** in the bodies.

Answer 8

Homoiotherms use more energy since energy is required to maintain the relatively constant body temperature. A lower ambient temperature causes the body to **consume more energy** for muscle contraction in shivering, higher heart rate to increase blood flow etc.

Answer 9

Their bodies are covered with **wet slimy scales**. They have **fins** and a streamlined body for movement. They live in water and use **gills** to carry out gas exchange. Most of them reproduce through **external fertilisation**. They are **poikilotherms**.

Answer 10

Fish usually reproduce through external fertilisation, but sharks reproduce through **internal fertilisation**.

Answer 11

They can live both on land and in water. They have **wet, slimy naked skin** without scales. The young carry out gas exchange with gills in water. As they nature, they **grow limbs**, go on land, and start breathing with lungs. Adults also carry out gas exchange at **skin surface** on land. They reproduce through **external fertilisation** in water, and they are **poikilotherms**.

Answer 12

Their skin is covered by **dry hard scales**. They breathe with lungs. They reproduce through **internal fertilisation** and lay eggs with **soft shells**. They are **poikilotherms**.

Answer 13

They have **feathers** on they bones and dry scales on their legs. Most of them can fly with wings. They have beaks and breathe with lungs. They reproduce through **internal fertilisation** and lay eggs with a **hard shell**. They are **homoiotherms**.

Answer 14

Females possess well-developed **mammary glands** for feeding the young. They have oily skin covered with hair and breathe with lungs. They reproduce through **internal fertilisation** and the young are **born alive**. They are **homoiotherms**.

Answer 15

Cnidarians

Answer 16

They are **hollow-body animals**. Their bodies are composed of two layers of cells, and they have **radial symmetry**. They have **tentacles** with stinging cells for self-defence and hunting. They have only **one opening** which serves as a mouth and as the anus.

Answer 17

Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones

Answer 18

They are **segmented worms** which have **bilateral symmetry**. They have an elongated body with cuticle on body surface. Most of them possess **chaetae**, which are hair-like structures for movement.

Answer 19

Leeches, earthworms, ragworms

Answer 20

Echinoderms

Answer 21

They are **spiny-skinned marine animals**. Adults show **five-way radial symmetry**. They have calcareous shells with **spines** on the surface and have **no head**. They have **tube feet** for movement.

Answer 22

Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber

Answer 23

They are **soft-bodied animals**, with a soft fleshy body. They are usually bilaterally symmetrical. The body is divided into head, ventral muscular foot and dorsal visceral hump. The skin secretes a **calcareous shell** over the hump.

Answer 24

Class Gastropoda, Class Bivalvia, Class Cephalopoda

Answer 25

Gastropods

Answer 26

They are **asymmetrical**, having one piece of coiled shell. They have a **large flat foot** for locomotion. They **release mucus** for lubrication and to prevent drying up. They have head, eyes, and sensory tentacles.

Answer 27

Whelk, snail, limpet, slug

Answer 28

They are **aquatic** animals with bilateral symmetry. They have two pieces of shells joined at the **hinge**, and a **foot** for burrowing in sand or mud. They have no tentacles.

Answer 29

Mussel, oyster, clam

Answer 30

Cephalopods

Answer 31

They are **large and complex** aquatic animals with **bilateral symmetry**. Their shells are often reduced, internal or wholly absent. The rare adapted for fast swimming. They have tentacles with suckers, **well-developed eyes**, and a horny beak.

Answer 32

Cuttlefish, squid, octopus

Answer 33

Arthropods

Answer 34

They have **jointed appendages (legs)** and **hard shells (exoskeleton)**. They may have antennae, mouth parts, wings, and compound eyes.`

Answer 35

Class Crustacea, Class Myriapoda, Class Arachnida, Class Insecta

Answer 36

Crustaceans

Answer 37

They have more than 4 pairs of **jointed appendages**. Their head and thorax are usually **fused together**. They are usually aquatic and breathe with gills. They have two pairs of **antennae** and compound eyes.

Answer 38

Water flea, crab, lobster, barnacles

Answer 39

They have a lot of feet. They are mainly **terrestrial** animals with a pair of antennae and compound eyes. They have clearly defined heads and many body segments.

Answer 40

Their head and thorax are **not distinctly separate**. They have no antennae and **simple eyes**. They have **4** pairs of walking legs.

Answer 41

Spider, scorpion, mites, ticks

Answer 42

They have one pair of antennae, and may have compound or simple eyes. They have **well-defined** head, thorax, and abdomen. They have **3** pairs of legs and one or two pairs of wings on the thorax. They undergo **metamorphosis**, which means they undergo structural changes in the lifetime.

Answer 43

Bugs, butterfly, bee, grasshopper, beetle

Answer 44

They have **true roots**, stems, and leaves. They contain **xylem** for the transport of water and minerals, and **pholem** for the transport of organic substances. They are adapted to dry places.

Answer 45

Flowering plants, ferns, conifers

Answer 46

Monocotyledonous plants, dicotyledonous plants

Answer 47

They have **one cotyledon** (seed leaf) in the seed. They have **parallel** leaf veins. Their floral parts are **in threes**. Their pollen grains have **one** pore or furrow. The vascular bundles are arranged randomly **throughout** the stem's ground tissue.

Answer 48

Grass, narcissus, orchids rice, maize

Answer 49

They have **two cotyledons** (seed leaf) in the seed. They have a **network** of leaf veins. Their floral parts are **in four or fives**. Their pollen grains have **three** pore or furrow. The vascular bundles are arranged regularly **in a ring** the stem's ground tissue.

Answer 50

Broad bean, sunflower, African violet, water lily

Answer 51

Ferns, conifers

Answer 52

They are found in damp places. They have chlorophyll, roots, stems, and leaves. They have vascular tissues. They produce **spores** of reproduction.

Answer 53

They are large plants with roots, stems, leaves, and vascular tissues. They have **needle-shaped leaves** and produced **naked seeds** in cones.

Answer 54

Pine, ginkgo, spruce, cypress

Answer 55

They have **no xylem or phloem**. This implies that they do not need to transport water and nutrients through long distances. Water and carbon dioxide move by **osmosis or diffusion**, while organic matter more by **diffusion or active transport**.

Answer 56

They are found in damp and shady places. The have simple stems and leaves and have **no true roots**. They have no vascular tissues. They have simple **rhizoids** for attachment and water absorption. They produce **spores** for reproduction. They are non-flowering.