#27 Diversity of marine fauna Flashcards

1
Q

what makes marine communities unique

A

fluid medium
3 dimensional environment
vast spatial scales

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2
Q

what are unique characteristics of marine fauna

A

high fecundity - large numbers of offspring
large population sizes
dispersing individuals young and underdeveloped
high adult vagility
large range sizes

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3
Q

what is the hierarchy of biodiversity

A
  1. genetic diversity: diversity within genes of a species
  2. species diversity: how many marine species are there? this varies across marine environments
  3. community/ecosystem diversity: there will be varieties of ecosystems and diversity within them. different habitats within the community
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4
Q

where is lots of marine diversity in Aus.?

A

lots of marine diversity in northern Australia
lots of islands here
lots of islands give costal species places to live

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5
Q

what is the coral triangle

A

in the indo-pacific
area of high habitat diversity
lots of coral reefs for habitat

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6
Q

why are there so many species in the ocean

A

there is heterogeneity in the ocean - a range of habitats and niches for a species to occupy depending on what it needs

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7
Q

what are the primary drivers of heterogeneity

A

temperature
habitat availability - coastal
ocean basin age and history - coastal

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8
Q

what are the 3 hypothesis behind the indo-pacific diversity hotspot (coral triangle)

A
  1. centre of origin: speciation of species in this area has lead to species richness
  2. centre of accumulation: species have migrated here over time
  3. centre of overlap: Australia and Asia were once seperate regions. over time they overlapped, hence creating lots of diversity
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9
Q

what is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis

A

diversity is best at medium levels of disturbance

diversity is low at high disturbance and at low disturbance frequencies

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10
Q

what are poifera and what are their features

A
sponges
few tissues, no organs
skeleton of spicules
sessile
filter feeders
form habitat and nutrient recyclers
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11
Q

what are cnidaria and their features

A

jellyfish, anemones
possess nematocysts - stinging cells
two body forms - medusa and polyp form

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12
Q

what are annelida and their features

A

segmented worms
segmented bodies
soft bodied

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13
Q

what are arthropoda and their features

A
crustacea - crabs, lobsters crayfish
hard exoskeleton
segmented bodies
grow by moulting
food source for humans
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14
Q

what are mollusca and their features

A

gastropods - bivavles such as snails, sea slugs
soft body with external shell
have mantle
radula tongue for prey or algae

cephalopods such as squid and octopus
have an internal shell
octopus dont have bony structures
hunters - predators

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15
Q

what are bryozoa and their features

A

lace corals
colonial animals
live in a calcified structure for their house

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16
Q

ECHINODERMATA what are they and their features

A

sea cucumbers, urchins, seastars
pentamerous symmetry - 5 arms
water vascular system

17
Q

what are urochordata and their features

A

ascidians such a sea squirts
simplest or chordates
filter feeders

18
Q

what are chordata in the ocean

A

fish, marine mammals