27 Amines

Question 1

How to name amines

Answer 1

If primary amine , it means amine at the end of the chain
- this means can just name the chain

If secondary or tertiary and have the same alkyl group, then you can say di or tri amine

Question 2

What if they’re two or more different functional alkyl groups whatever

Answer 2

First find the biggest chain, add that to the amine suffix

Then put N -and something each time to show what’s bonded, and do this in ALPHABETICAL ORDER

Question 3

How can amines behave as bases

Answer 3

This is because with a. Lone pair on the N, they can react to add a hydrogen ion, and so as they can accept a proton, they are a BL base m dative covalent bind formed, and charge is + (conservation of charge)

Question 4

Amines and acids

Answer 4

Amine and acids scoop fully up and becomes a salt

With + and - ions

Question 5

How ti make an amine

Answer 5

Halolaken and EXCESS AMMONIA

Or haloalken and ammonia and NaOH

This is official way

Question 6

Actual way and why

Answer 6

Here your adding ammonia to a haloalkane and then NaOH
You need to do this reaction using EXCESS AMMONIA, or else further substion if thr amine grouo may occur to make secondary and then tertiary structured
Also must do it through ethanol , otherwise with aqeuous the Halolakne might become into alchol with water by hydrolysis

Question 7

Again what 2 conditions needed and why

Answer 7

Excess ammonia, so it doesn’t susbtjiure again

Ethanol, to prevent halolaken reacting. With water to make alchol

Question 8

How ti make aromatic amine phenylamine

Answer 8

Starting from nitrobenzene, Sn/ Conc Hcl Wnd 6 hydrogens

To remmebe hydrogens, two waters must be produced so 4 hydrogens and 2 more left behind so 6 is needed

Reflux

Question 9

Amino acid

Answer 9

Is a compound with bathe amine and Carboxyl group anywhere, r group and ch

As they have both Carboxyl and amine groups, they can react both ways

Question 10

Amine groupnresctions

Answer 10

Amine acts as a base remember, thus it can react with acids
In this case, it becomes a protester molefule that’s it , become a protonated slat

Question 11

Carboxylic acid reactions of amino acid

Answer 11

Gonna react with alkali to form a salt and water

Question 12

Carbox esterificsrion amino acid?

Answer 12

Can also react with an schlock under sukfruic acid to form an ester .
This PROTONATED THE AMINE GROUP

Question 13

Amides

Answer 13

CONH, made by acyl chrlodie reacting with ammonia / amine ti make amides, can also be the amine group and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids join in condensation polymerisation to form amide groups

Question 14

Remember what is sterlisimerism

Answer 14

Dteroeisiomeriem is when it has the same Bernard and structural formula but different arrangement if atoms in space

Optical isomers are when two structured will have non superimposable mirror images of each other.
This is only possible through a chiral centre, WHICH IS A CARBIN WITH 4 DIFFERENT FUNCTIONSL GROUOS ATTACHED TO IT
often Lund in amino acids

As a result, the different enantiomers will have different properties, such a smell

Question 15

How ti do condensation polymerisation

Answer 15

Two functional groups must be sued, with a loss of a small molecule each time

Here it can either be the same molefule with two different on each side, or two mooched with the same fucntinwl on each time, will have to rotatete each time

Question 16

Okay remember how ti do it if they have two DIFFERENT MOLEFULES with dual ducntij al grouos

Answer 16

They join and it becomes (2n-1) H2O

How to show it, basically just remove a part of the molecule from each side that will in total ADD TO FORM THE WATER OR OR HCL
This often means removing Oh from one side of the cabroxykic acid , and just H from alchol, so be warry

Question 17

Remember base hydrokysisndiffernce compared to acid

Answer 17

Base will return the cabroylic acid as AN ION
So if done with NaOH, just realise the Na+ will stick to the cabroylic

But the alchol ALWAYS COMES BACK, or thr amine