28 Nitriles Flashcards
Nitrile groups
Is anything with CN which is a triple bond
How ti make nitriles form halolaken
Halolaken + NACN
Nitrile to amine
Nitrile + 2H2 and nickel cat last forms an AMINE
Hydrologies if nitriles
Nitriles + 2 h2o and hcl = csbroclyic acid and salt m
MADE RHIS MISTAKE IN MOCKS
How to make amide?
ONLY WITH ACYL CHLROIDE !!!
What is filter ti on under reduced pressure basicslly used for
This is just a fancy way to filter a solid perfectly
How to do filters ti on under reduced pressure properly
First connect your Büchner funnel to a tube that connects to the vacuum pump or tap
Then with a bung attach the Büchner funnel rn put filter paper in it, lightly wet it with solvent to make solid and turn tap on, and test for good suction
After that you’re resur to go, pooor solid and with mixture and watch as filter out, add some more solvent and leave it ther to filter under reduced pressure
Why do recrystallisation
This allows you to actually REMOVE IMPURITIES from the solid yiu just filtered out
It works on the fact that the desired product and impurities have DIFFERENT solubility’s in the chosen solvent, thus the impurities will stay dissolved when the product has dissolved
How ti do it
Choose a solvent and heat it up. If water calm, if ethanol then must use a water bath
Want to use the MNIMIJM AMOUNT IF HOT SOLVENT, tip in slowly stir until all dissolved, once finally all dissolved , then you can let it fool and crystals will form that are pure
Finally obtain again by filtering under reduced pressure again
Melting point determination
What happens if it’s pure
What does melting range mean
What will look like if imoure
An organic pure substance will have a very SHARP melting range. This is the range from when the TEMPERTAURE it starts ti melt and the temperature when it’s finished melting.
Sharper the more pure, if impure over a longer range or something, and also a lower temperature
How to prepare sample quickly
Burn capillary tube one end by bushes gunner
Now dabble it in thr sample and some should come in
Now you’re ready to put in the machine
How to use the electric apparatus
Put it in the sample hole and add a 300° ther meter in the the remote hole
Heat it up and observe the exact point it melts recor dit
Then do it again and it approaches set thr hewt to low and increase the temp d,only. Now find the sffruwte melting point snd range
Now compare to bookd
I think the only time a carboxylic group and an amine group can make an amide is
WHEN ITS AN AMINO ACID OTHERWISE ALONE IT MUST BE ACYL CHLROIDES
Remmeber all the nitrile reactions
Nitriles made alone from halolaken and NACN
Halolaken can be made from an alchol fingou use Na Br and h2so4
Alchol made by reducing aldehyde
