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MIDTERM TEST HW > 27 & 56 & 57 Infection Control+Surgical Supplies, Instruments, Asepsis and Procedures > Flashcards

27 & 56 & 57 Infection Control+Surgical Supplies, Instruments, Asepsis and Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Rosa is responsible for training a new employee in medical aseptic hand washing. Which of the following should Rosa emphasize?

A

Soap and friction are effective methods for removing transient microbes.

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2
Q

Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection?

A

Latent infection is persistent with recurring cycles of symptoms.

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3
Q

Cell-mediated immunity:

A

causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection.

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4
Q

In which case should a medical assistant use a face mask as part of the standard PPE?

A

The medical assistant should wear a face mask when caring for a patient suspected of having TB.

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5
Q

Before disposing of a contaminated needle into a sharps container, the medical assistant should:

A

Contaminated needles should be immediately disposed of, intact, in a sharps container.

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6
Q

While a blood specimen is being prepared for laboratory analysis, the container tips over, and blood spills on the laboratory table. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of the spill?

A

Cover the spill with paper towels, pour 10% bleach solution on the towels, wait 15 minutes, wipe up the spill while wearing gloves, and discard the paper towels in an infectious waste container

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7
Q

A susceptible host in the chain of infection is an individual who:

A

has an immune system that is overwhelmed by the pathogenic exposure

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8
Q

Errors in disinfection can occur if:

A

Errors in disinfection occur when instruments are not cleaned properly and the solution is diluted.

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9
Q

Which of the following is the recommended method for disposing of needles in a puncture-proof container?

A

Keeping the needle intact

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10
Q

Blunt needles, needleless systems, and resheathing syringes are examples of:

A

engineering controls.

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11
Q

The safest method to achieve adequate sanitization is to

A

use an ultrasonic sanitizer bath.

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12
Q

Inflammation mediators released at the site of cellular damage perform which of the following functions?

A

Increase blood flow to the site

Increase the permeability of blood vessel walls

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13
Q

For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do?

A

The disinfectant solution and instruments must be placed in a closed container.

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14
Q

Which of the following is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility’s Exposure Control Plan required by OSHA?

A

Specific steps for providing effective patient treatment

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15
Q

What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash?

A

Friction and running warm water

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16
Q

Viral infections:

A

are treated with a focus on palliative care.

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17
Q

Macrophage action occurs with:

A

cell-mediated immunity.

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18
Q

The key to reducing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is to:

A

limit the use of antibiotics to one that is specific to the pathogen.

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19
Q

According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed?

A

When recapping an unused needle

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20
Q

What do viruses do when they enter the body’s cells?

A

Incorporate into the cells’ reproductive material Correct

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21
Q

A 62-year-old patient with shingles is seen in the office. The physician would classify this disease as:

A

a latent infection. Correct

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22
Q

A 6-year-old patient with pink eye (conjunctivitis) is examined in the office. What is the best method of preventing the spread of the infection?

A

Perform careful and repeated hand washing or sanitization. Correct

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23
Q

Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport?

A

Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection Correct

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24
Q

For which of the following patient disorders is a medical assistant required to wear a mask while taking the patient’s medical history?

A

Active tuberculosis Correct

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25
Q

The immune system response that is identified as humoral immunity is:

A

production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body. Correct

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26
Q

Which of the following scenarios is the only situation in which recapping a needle is considered an appropriate procedure?

A

The medical assistant has just withdrawn medication from a vial. Correct

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27
Q

What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument?

A

Wear latex gloves when cleaning sharp instruments. Correct

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28
Q

The most important step in achieving hand asepsis is:

A

removing jewelry. Correct

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29
Q

Items contaminated with which of the following potentially infectious materials require special handling?

A

Body fluid visibly contaminated with blood, vaginal and seminal secretions, and wound drainage are items that when contaminated all require special handling.

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30
Q

Office staff are responsible for maintaining asepsis in all the examination rooms and patient waiting room. What steps should be taken to make sure the areas are aseptic?

A

Asepsis is maintained by sanitizing and disinfecting all surfaces.

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31
Q

The process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments is called:

A

Sanitization is the process of cleaning medical equipment.

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32
Q

The method that completely destroys microorganisms is:

A

Sterilization destroys all microorganisms.

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33
Q

The CDC does not recommend Standard Precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood?

A

Urine is not identified as a potentially infectious fluid.

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34
Q

Gloves, gowns, and goggles are examples of:

A

PPE includes all protective supplies.

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35
Q

On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection, what would be the most effective method of controlling the spread of conjunctivitis in a day care center?

A

Sanitize hands thoroughly after each contact with a symptomatic child. Correct
Consistently sanitizing hands can break the chain of infection.

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36
Q

What should be done if the eyes are exposed to potentially infectious bodily fluids?

A

Flush the eyes with warm water as soon as possible. Correct

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37
Q

spore:

A

is a resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease. Correct

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38
Q

Which instruments have very sharp hooks?

A 
Towel forceps (towel clamp) Correct
Towel forceps have sharp tips to clamp on towel material that is used to drape the patient.
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39
Q

What is the smallest diameter of a suture strand?

A

5-0
The diameter of the suture strand determines its size; the smaller gauges are numbered below 0 (aught), and the larger gauges are numbered above 0.

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40
Q

How should instruments be handled after the surgery is complete?

A

Place heavier instruments at the bottom of a collection basin.
After a surgical procedure, contaminated instruments should be placed in a basin of disinfectant solution, with heavier instruments on the bottom and lighter, more delicate instruments on top. Each instrument is unlocked before immersion in the chemical decontaminant to permit cleansing of the entire surface area. Blood and other coagulable substances are never allowed to dry on an instrument because they would be difficult to remove. It is best to use a detergent that has a neutral pH and low suds and can be rinsed off easily.

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41
Q

Which instrument has a fine tip for retrieval of foreign objects?

A

Splinter forceps Correct

A splinter forceps has a narrow tip for picking up foreign material.

42
Q

Which instrument has valves that can be spread to facilitate viewing?

A

Nasal specula Correct

Specula have valves that are used to spread open tissue for visualization.

43
Q

The jaws of which instrument are shorter and look stronger than hemostat jaws?

A

Needle holders Correct

The jaws of a needle holder are short so that they do not obstruct the action of the suture needle.

44
Q

Which of the following is a smooth-tipped instrument that is used to insert packing into or remove objects from the nose and ear?

A

Bayonet forceps Correct

A bayonet forceps, which has long, slender tips, is used during nose or ear procedures.

45
Q

The recommended method for cleaning sharp instruments is to:

A

use an ultrasonic cleaner. Correct
Mechanical washing, such as with an ultrasonic device, can be used for most instruments and is an especially good method for preventing staff injuries.

46
Q

Surgical instruments generally are classified according to use. Which is not a classification for instruments?

A 
Restabilizing Correct
Surgical instruments generally are classified according to their use; most belong to one of four groups:
Cutting
Grasping
Retracting
Probing and dilating
47
Q

Which of these anesthetic agents is injected into subcutaneous tissue, resulting in temporary cessation of feeling at the site of the injection?

A

Nesacaine & Sensorcaine
Local anesthetics are injected into the subcutaneous tissue and result in temporary cessation of feeling at the site of injection by blocking the generation and conduction of nerve impulses. Many different types of local anesthetics are available, but all share the same suffix, -caine. The most frequently used anesthetics are lidocaine (Xylocaine), Nesacaine, and Sensorcaine.

48
Q

Which instrument tip has a groove or hook to slide under sutures?

A

Littauer stitch or suture scissors Correct

Suture removal scissors have a grooved tip that can slide under the suture material without traumatizing the wound.

49
Q

Which antiseptic(s) are the most effective for a surgical hand scrub or patient skin preparation for surgery?

A

Research indicates that chlorhexidine (Hibiscrub or Hibiclens) and povidone-iodine solution (Betadine) are safe, effective antiseptics.

50
Q

Reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level is called:

A

Sanitization is the process of cleaning an item so that the number of pathogens is reduced.

51
Q

The invasion of body tissue by pathogens, which proliferate and damage tissues, is called:

A

Infection is caused by the proliferation of pathogens.

52
Q

Generally, what is the shelf-life of a sterilized pack?

A

Sterile packs should be stored no longer than 28 days unless sterile envelopes are used.

53
Q

The presence of pus-forming organisms in the blood is called:

A

Pyemia is the presence of pus-forming pathogens in the blood.

54
Q

Living organisms that can be seen only with a light microscope are called:

A

Microorganisms are so small that they must be viewed through a microscope.

55
Q

Which of the following guidelines should be followed when unloading an autoclave?

A

Stand behind the door when opening it to prevent accidental steam burns.
Slowly open the door only a crack, allowing the items to cool for 15 to 20 minutes before removing them.
Do not place packs on cold surfaces.
All of the above are correct guidelines.
All these guidelines should be followed when unloading an autoclave.

56
Q

A thick-walled, dormant form of bacteria that is very resistant to disinfection measures is called a(n):

A

A spore is a dormant form of bacteria that is very resistant to disinfection methods.

57
Q

An infection that has a rapid onset and severe symptoms is called:

A

An acute infection develops rapidly.

58
Q

Disease-causing microorganisms are called:

A

Pathogens are microbes that cause disease.

59
Q

Which of the following is (are) true about the autoclave process?

A

Steam simultaneously heats and wets the objects being autoclaved.
When the cycle is finished and the chamber has cooled, microorganisms have been destroyed.
The mechanism of action is steam under pressure.
Both A and C are true.
All of the above are true.
The autoclave disinfects by heating, steaming, and wetting the objects, destroying microorganisms.

60
Q

What is the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life?

A

Sterilization results in the destruction of all microbes.

61
Q

Property by which a substance can pass or soak through is called:

A

A permeable material is one that substances can pass through.

62
Q

Which statement is not true about informed consent for surgery?

A

The medical assistant is responsible for obtaining the patient’s consent to treatment. Correct

63
Q

____________ is the complete destruction of organisms on instruments or equipment that will enter the patient’s body. This technique is mandatory for any procedure that invades the body’s skin or tissues, such as surgery.

A

Surgical asepsis must be used when any body tissue is entered.

64
Q

The recommended temperature for sterilization in an autoclave is:

A

The recommended temperature for sterilization in an autoclave is 121° to 123° C (250° to 255° F).

65
Q

How often does OSHA require employers to review and update their Exposure Control Plan?

A

Once a year Correct

66
Q

Which of the following is an example of personal protective equipment?

A

Clean disposable gloves Correct

67
Q

Microorganisms can be transmitted through:

A 
Water vapor from the lungs
  Insects
  Contaminated food
  Contaminated equipment
  All of the above
68
Q

All of the following are examples of nonintact skin EXCEPT:

A

Bruised skin Correct

69
Q

Treatment administered to an individual after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease is known as:

A

Postexposure prophylaxis Correct

70
Q

The purpose of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to:

A

Reduce the risk to employees of exposure to infectious diseases Correct

71
Q

Personal protective equipment must be used to:

A

Draw blood Correct

72
Q

What is the purpose of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act?

A

To reduce needlestick injuries among health care workers Correct

73
Q

Which of the following is a violation of the OSHA standard?

A

Eating in the office laboratory Correct

74
Q

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute HIV infection?

A

Jaundice Correct

75
Q

All of the following are advantages of alcohol-based hand rubs EXCEPT:

A

They remove all resident flora from the skin Correct

76
Q

All of the following are considered other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs) EXCEPT:

A

Tears and sweat Correct

77
Q

What is the most common means of transmission for hepatitis C?

A

Sharing needles for illegal injection drug use Correct

78
Q

Patients with chronic hepatitis B face an increased risk of developing:

A

Liver cancer Correct

79
Q

What is the term used to describe a physical or mechanical device used to remove health hazards from the workplace?

A

Engineering control Correct

80
Q

The CDC recommends that washing the hands with soap and water be performed:

A

When the hands are visibly soiled Correct

81
Q

The most common side effect of the hepatitis B vaccine is:

A

Soreness at the injection site Correct

82
Q

What is the term for an infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment?

A

Opportunistic Correct

83
Q

The optimal growth temperature is:

A

The temperature at which a microorganism grows best Correct

84
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a microorganism?

A

Autotroph Correct

85
Q

What is the name given to a tiny living plant or animal that cannot be seen with the naked eye?

A

Microorganism Correct

86
Q

What is the term used to describe a microorganism that does NOT produce disease?

A

Nonpathogen Correct

87
Q

Which of the following is an example of an exposure incident?

A

Splashing blood into your eyes Correct

88
Q

Which of the following represents an ERROR in technique when preparing regulated medical waste for disposal by an infectious waste service?

A

Storing a biohazard box in the front office for pick-up by the medical waste service Correct

89
Q

All of the following are growth requirements for microorganisms EXCEPT:

A

Acidic environment Correct

90
Q

What term describes a device that makes an exposure incident involving a contaminated sharp less likely to occur?

A

Safer medical device Correct

91
Q

What is the FIRST thing you should do if a cut on your bare hand accidentally comes in contact with a patient’s blood?

A

Wash your hands with soap and water Correct

92
Q

All of the following make a person less resistant to a pathogen EXCEPT:

A

Immunizations Correct

93
Q

What is the name given to a microorganism that can exist only in the presence of oxygen?

A

Aerobe Correct

94
Q

What is the term used to describe a microorganism that produces disease?

A

Pathogen Correct

95
Q

All of the following are examples of work practice controls EXCEPT:

A

Picking up broken glassware with gloved hands Correct

96
Q

Treatment for acute hepatitis B includes:

A

Restricted activity and rest Correct

97
Q

What is the term used to describe practices that help to keep an object or area clean and free from infection?

A

Medical asepsis Correct

98
Q

The most likely means of contracting hepatitis B in the health care setting is through:

A

Needlesticks and blood splashes Correct

99
Q

Which of the following employees would be LEAST likely to have occupational exposure?

A

Electrician

100
Q

AIDS cannot be transmitted through:

A

Casual contact Correct

MIDTERM TEST HW (6 decks)

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