2.7 Flashcards
what is atherosclerosis
the accumulation of fatty material forming an argentina or plaque between the endothelium
what is atheroma made of
cholesterol
fibrous material
calcium
what happens during to atherosclerosis
the artery thickens and loses it’s elasticity, the diameter of the lumen becomes teduced and blood flows into is reduced increasing blood pressure
what is thrombosis
the formation of a thrombus
how does a thrombus form
- atheroma ruptures endothelium
- releasing clotting factors
- prothrombin -> thrombin
- fibrinogen -> fibrin
- formation of a mesh worm that clots the bold
- thrombus formed
how does a thrombus lead ti an embolus
it breaks loose forming an embolus which through the bloodstream until it blocks a blood vessel
what does thrombosis in different places mean
in the coronary artery it may lead to a heart attack (MI)
in an artery in the brain it may lead to a stroke
what is peripheral vascular disorders
narrowing of the arteries other than those of the heart or brain, mainly legs
what is the effect of pvd
pain due to limited oxygen supply
what is deep vein thrombosis
blood clot in a deep vein, can break if and result in a pulmonary embolism
what is cholesterol
type of lipid found in the cell membrane
how is cholesterol made
25% of takes place in the liver , the rest is made by all cells
what do HDLs do
transports excess cholesterol from the body cells to the liver for elimination, preventing accumulation of cholesterol in the blood
what do LDLs do
transports cholesterol to body cells
how does cholesterol accumulate in the blood
LDL transports cholesterol to cells, once a cell has a sufficient cholesterol a negative feedback system occurs inhibiting new LDL receptors causing LDL to circulate in the blood where it may deposit cholesterol in the blood forming atheromas
what does the ratio of HDL to LDL mean
a higher ratio of HDL to LDL is healthy
how can you increase HDL
physical activity
reduce fat in diet
how does medication reduce blood cholesterol
inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol by liver cells
