1.1 Flashcards
what is a somatic cell
any cells in the body other than cells involved in reproduction
what are germline cells
sex cells
what are stem cell’s
undifferentiated cells
what is mitosis
cell division
why is mitosis important
for growth and repair
maintaining the diploid chromosome compliment
what is meiosis
cell division involving 2 decisions resulting in haploid cells
what happens when germline cells divide
meiosis - gametes
mitosis - diploid
what is cellular differentiation
prices by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce specific proteins to that type of cell. by switching of certain genes and leaving some on
what are unspecialised cells called
stem cells
what are embryonic stem cells
pluripotent
what are tissue stem cells
multipotent
what does pluripotent mean
a cell that can differentiate in to any cell type
what does multi potent mean
they can differentiate into all of the types of cell from that tissue type
what is two therapeutic use of tissue stem cells
corneal transplant
regeneration of damaged skin
describe corneal transplant
corneal tissue is regenerated from stem cells and is then transplanted, it could be rejected
describe how steam cells are used to regenerate damaged skin
skin cells grown in a las and are transported onto the skin , could be painful causing scarring or infection
how can stem cells be used for research
to see how diseases develop
drug testing
what happens when a cell becomes cancerous
cells divide excessively as they do not respond to regulatory signals, resulting in a tumour
how can a secondary tumour form
cells may fail to attach to each other, spreading throughout the body where they may form secondary tumours
where can you find tissue stem cells
bone marrow
