26.5.1: Forelimb lameness - anatomy

Question 1

What cardinal signs of disease mught you detect on palpation?

Answer 1

• Heat
• Pain
• Swelling (including synovial effusion)

Question 2

The antebrachiocarpal joint is a high/low motion joint?

Answer 2

High motion joint

Question 3

The carpometacarpal joint is high/low motion joint?

Answer 3

Low motion joint

Question 4

The proximal interphalangeal joint is a high/low motion joint?

Answer 4

Low motion joint

Question 5

Which ligament, present in the forelimb, is sometimes not present in the hindlimbs?

Answer 5

ALDDFT

Some horses do not have ALDDFT in hindlimbs; others do but it is hard to identify.

Question 6

1

Answer 6

Common digital extensor

Question 7

2

Answer 7

Lateral digital extensor

Question 8

3

Answer 8

3rd interosseous / suspensory ligament

These names are interchangeable. Note to self - check label accurate.

Question 9

4

Answer 9

Deep digital flexor tendon

Question 10

5

Answer 10

Superficial digital flexor tendon

Question 11

This is a transverse section from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is A?

Answer 11

SDFT

Question 12

This is a transverse section from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is B?

Answer 12

DDFT

Question 13

This is a transverse section from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is C?

Answer 13

ALDDFT

Question 14

This is a transverse section from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is D?

Answer 14

Suspensory / interosseous ligament

Question 15

This is a transverse section from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is E?

Answer 15

Metacarpal bone

Question 16

This is an ultrasound image from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is A?

Answer 16

SDFT

Question 17

This is an ultrasound image from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is B?

Answer 17

DDFT

Question 18

This is an ultrasound image from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is C?

Answer 18

ALDDFT

Question 19

This is an ultrasound image from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is D?

Answer 19

Interosseous / suspensory ligament

Question 20

This is an ultrasound image from the level of the proximal metacarpus.
What is E?

Answer 20

Metacarpal bone

Question 21

This is a transverse section from the level of the distal metacarpus.
What is A?

Answer 21

SDFT

Question 22

This is a transverse section from the level of the distal metacarpus.
What is B?

Answer 22

DDFT

Question 23

This is a transverse section from the level of the distal metacarpus.
What is C?

Answer 23

Interosseous / suspensory ligament

Question 24

This is a transverse section from the level of the distal metacarpus.
What is D?

Answer 24

Metacarpal bone

Question 25

This is a transverse section from the level of the distal metacarpus. What tendon can't we see here and why?

Answer 25

Can't see the ALDDFT at this levels because it has by now merged with the DDFT

Question 26

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the distal metacarpus. What can you see that is abnormal?

Answer 26

* The SDFT (A) is slightly enlarged on one side and should normally be more symmetrical * This image was taken from a racehorse with a SDFT injury

Question 27

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the distal metacarpus. What is A?

Answer 27

SDFT

Question 28

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the distal metacarpus. What is B?

Answer 28

DDFT

Question 29

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the distal metacarpus. What is C?

Answer 29

Interosseous / suspensory ligament

Question 30

1

Answer 30

SDFT

Question 31

2

Answer 31

DDFT

Question 32

3

Answer 32

ALDDFT

Question 33

4

Answer 33

Interosseous / suspensory ligament

Question 34

This is a transverse section from the level of the fetlock. What is A?

Answer 34

SDFT

Question 35

This is a transverse section from the level of the fetlock. What is B?

Answer 35

DDFT

Question 36

This is a transverse section from the level of the fetlock. What is C?

Answer 36

Intersesamoidean ligament

Question 37

This is a transverse section from the level of the fetlock. What is D?

Answer 37

Proximal sesamoids

Question 38

This is a transverse section from the level of the fetlock. What is E?

Answer 38

Third metacarpal bone

Question 39

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the fetlock. What is A?

Answer 39

SDFT

Question 40

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the fetlock. What is B?

Answer 40

DDFT

Question 41

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the fetlock. What is C?

Answer 41

Intersesamoidean ligament

Question 42

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the fetlock. What is D?

Answer 42

Proximal sesamoids

Question 43

This is a transverse section from the level of pastern region. What is A?

Answer 43

SDFT ## Footnote Note the 'spaniel ear' appearance at this level.

Question 44

This is a transverse section from the level of pastern region. What is B?

Answer 44

DDFT ## Footnote It has a bi-lobed appearance at this level.

Question 45

This is a transverse section from the level of pastern region. What is C?

Answer 45

Middle sesamoidean ligament

Question 46

This is a transverse section from the level of pastern region. What is D?

Answer 46

Oblique sesamoidean ligament

Question 47

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the pastern. What is A?

Answer 47

SDFT

Question 48

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the pastern. What is B?

Answer 48

DDFT

Question 49

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the pastern. What is C?

Answer 49

Middle sesamoidean ligament

Question 50

This is a transverse ultrasound image from the level of the pastern. What is D?

Answer 50

Oblique sesamoidean ligament

Question 51

This is a longitudinal ultrasound image. What abnormality can you see here?

Answer 51

* The SDFT is slightly enlarged and reduced in echogenicity (darker than normal) * This is from a racehorse with a SDFT injury

Question 52

This is a longitudinal ultrasound image of the distal limb. What is A?

Answer 52

SDFT

Question 53

This is a longitudinal ultrasound image of the distal limb. What is B?

Answer 53

DDFT

Question 54

This is a longitudinal ultrasound image of the distal limb. What is C?

Answer 54

ALDDFT

Question 55

This is a longitudinal ultrasound image of the distal limb. What is D?

Answer 55

Interosseous / suspensory ligament ## Footnote Note the "messy" appearance; in other species this is a muscle with fat embedded within. This explains why it doesn't appear very homogenous on ultrasound.