26.4 tracing gene duplications

Question 1

why are gene duplications important in evolution

Answer 1

they make increase the number of genes in the genome to provide more opportunities for further evolutionary changes

Question 2

gene duplications lead to gene families which are:

Answer 2

groups of related genes within an organisms genome

Question 3

types of homologous genes (2)

Answer 3

orthologous genes and

paralogous genes

Question 4

what are orthologous genes

Answer 4

homologous genes found in different species because of speciation

-like cytochrome c genes in both humans and dogs ( coding for ETC protein)

Question 5

what are paralogous genes

Answer 5

homologous genes that result from gene duplication,
so they are present in more than one copy of the same genome

-olfactory genes

Question 6

how do orthologous genes

Answer 6

they diverge after speciation

• the dog/human gene is not the same (mutations) but still perform the same functions

Question 7

the number of genes have not increased through duplication as the rate of phenotypic complexity

Answer 7

like – humans have only 4 times the amount of genes as yeast , but we have evolved so much more