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HSNS264 Quiz Deck 1 > 264 Exam 2 > Flashcards

264 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for medications for maintaining gas exchange?

A

1) Maintaining patency of respiratory tract.
2) ensure effective gas exchange between blood and tissues.

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2
Q

What do bronchodilators do?

A

Help to control and prevent symptoms.

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3
Q

What are some SABAs?

A

Salbutamol, Terbutaline

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4
Q

What are some LABAs?

A

Eformoterol, Indacaterol, Salmeterol, Vilanterol

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5
Q

What are some Sympathomimetic agents?

A

Adrenaline, Ephedrine

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6
Q

What are some antimuscarinic agents?

A

Aclidinium,, Glycopyrronium, Ipatropium, Tiotroipium

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7
Q

What are some methylxanthines?

A

Aminophylline, Theophylline

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8
Q

What are some topical (inhaled) corticosteroids?

A

Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Fluticasone

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9
Q

oxapramWhat are some systemic corticosteroides

A

Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Methylprednisolone, Prednisone

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10
Q

What are some respiratory stimulants?

A

Doxapram

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11
Q

What are some Asthma prophylactics

A

nedocromil sodium, sodium cromoglycate

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12
Q

Name a Leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

Montelukast

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13
Q

What are some surfactants?

A

Beractant, Poractant alfa

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14
Q

What are the 2 kinds of bronchdilators, and what are the 3 groups these are broken into?

A

SABAS and LABAS
3 groups - Beta2 agonists, antimuscarinic agents, methylxanthines

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15
Q

How do B2 agonists work

A

B2 agonists stimulate the B2 adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle

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16
Q

How do Antimuscarinic agents work

A

Block muscarinic cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

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17
Q

How do Methylxanthines work?

A

Elevate the levels of intracellular messenger molecule cycle adenosine monophosphate modulating cellular activity.

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18
Q

What are some adverse effects fo B2 agonists?

A

Fine motor tremor
Palpitations
Peripheral vasodilation resulting in hypotension and headaches

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19
Q

What is the onset and duration of action for SABAs and LABAs?

A

SABAs = 15-20min and lasts 3-6 hours
LABAs = 1-30 min and lasts 12-24 hours

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20
Q

How do sympathomimetics work?

A

Produce bronchodilation by activating beta receptors and reducing oedema through pulmonary vasoconstriction

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21
Q

What do Antimuscarinic agents do?

A

Causes bronchodilation by blocking M3-muscarinic receptors associated with parasympathetic stimulation of the bronchial airways - results in reduction in visous mucous production related to obtstructive aiway diseases.

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22
Q

What are some adverse side effects of antimuscarinic agents?

A

Dry mouth
pupil dilation
urinary retention
glaucoma

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23
Q

How do methylxanthines work

A

Elevate the levels of intracellular messenger molecule cycle adenosine monophosphate modulating cellular activity

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24
Q

What are some adverse effects of methylxanthines?

A

Over stimulation of the nervous system
Insomnia
nervousness
epigastric distress
N and V
Tachycardia
siezures
venticular dysrhythmias

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25
Q

What do inhaled corticosteroids do?

A

Potent anti-inflammatories
Reduce the synthesis of inflammatory mediator
Reduces the rupturing of mast cells
Prevents antibody production
Suppresses activity of immune cells
Results in the reduction of oedema, mucous production and bronchconstriction

26
Q

What are some adverse side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Hoarse voices
Thrush (throat)

27
Q

What are some prophylactic anti asthma medications?

A

Cromoglycate
Nedocromil
Leukotriene receptor anatagonist
Omalizumab

28
Q

What indications are there for medications of the URT?

A

hay fever
Allergic rhinitis
URTI

29
Q

What are histamines and prostaglandins?

A

Chemical mediators released from mucosal and submucosal calls that trigger vasodilation and inflammation.

30
Q

What is the method of action of antitussive agents?

A

Reduces freq and sev of cough by interrupting tussive reflex

31
Q

What are the side effects of antitussive agents?

A

Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, sedation

32
Q

What are some examples of antitussive agents?

A

Codeine, petoxyverine, dextrmethorphan

33
Q

What do expectorants do?

A

Stimulates mucous secretion in irritated areas of the respiratory tract

34
Q

What are some side effects of expectorants?

A

N and V
Rash
D+
Dizziness
headache

35
Q

What do mucolytic agents do?

A

Believed to alter the structure of viscous mucous
Increases the removal of mucous from the respiratory tract

36
Q

What are some side effects of mucolytic agents?

A

Mild GI dist
Pharyngeal pain
Cough
Haemoptysis

37
Q

What is Dornase Alfa?

A

Used in CF
Inhalant
increases expectoration
DNA degrading enzyme
Reduces risk of RTI

38
Q

What do decongestants do?

A

Usually alpha agonists
Stimulates vasoconsgtriction

39
Q

What are some side effects of decongestants?

A

Pupil dilation, constipation, hypertension

40
Q

What do antimuscarinic agents do?

A

Blocks the parasympathetic muscarinic receoptrs rseulting in decreased in excessive mucous production

41
Q

What are some side effects of antimuscarinic agents?

A

Dry moth
Facial flushing
Tachycardia
pupil dilation
constipation

42
Q

How do antihistamines work?

A

Decreases capillary permeability, erythema, and oedema

43
Q

What are some side effects of antihistamines?

A

Sedation
Reduced concentration
Blurred vision
Contipation
Urinary retention

44
Q

What medications are used for asthma?

A

Relievers - SABAs
Controllers - LABAs
Preventers - inhaled corticosteriods

45
Q

What medications are used for COPD?

A

Inhaled meds - bronchodilators, corticosteriods
Oral lmeds - Methylxanthines, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors

46
Q

What are nursing priority care areas for asthma?

A

Education on reducing triggers
Avoiding cold air

47
Q

What are some goals in nursing care of acute asthma

A

Montior RR, BP, HR and cardiovascular system
Auscultating lungs sounds
ABGs, spo2, peak flow
Decrease pt panic
Position for chest expansion
Pursed lip breathing
Abdominal breathing

48
Q

What is the O2 flow rate with NP

A

1L (24%) to 6L(44%)

49
Q

What is the O2 flow rate with a face mask?

A

6L (35%) to 12L (50%)

50
Q

what is the O2 flow rate with a partial and rebreather mask?

A

60-90% 10-15L

51
Q

What is the flow rate ofa venturi mask

A

Precise high flow

52
Q

What medications are usually used for TB?

A

abs called Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol.

53
Q

What are adventitious airway sounds?

A

Crackles rhonchi wheezes stridor, friction rub

54
Q

What are crackles and what cause them?

A

Air through fluid
Caused by collapse alveolar opening

55
Q

What are rhonchi and what cause them?

A

Continuous breath sound, low pitched rumbling caused by secretions in large airways

56
Q

What are wheezes and what cause them?

A

Obstructed narrowed airways

57
Q

What is stridor and what causes it?

A

High pitched sound on inspiration. Caused by obstruction or narrowing of airway

58
Q

What are normal breath sounds?

A

Vesicular
Bronchovesicular
Bronchial
Tracheal

59
Q

Describe viscular breath sounds

A

Low pitched, most lung fields

60
Q

Describe bronchovesicular sounds

A

Medium pitched on inspriation and expiration

61
Q

Describe bronchial sounds

A

High pitched. On inspiration, 2+3 ICS anterior

62
Q

Describe tracheal sounds

A

Loud, hi pitched. Equal insp/exp over trachea

HSNS264 Quiz Deck 1 (3 decks)

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