260-C3 - Employment Income

Question 1

Survival Capital

Answer 1

the resources needed to survive
(e.g. employment income, daycare, legal representation)

Question 2

Human Capital

Answer 2

skills, knowledge, credentials shared from one person to another, contributes to the productivity of society

Question 3

When a person is denied a job, the reason is not an absence of credentials, skills, social contracts, but the inability to “fit in”. What kind of capital does this person lack?

Answer 3

Cultural capital.

Question 4

Precarious employment is… (4)

Answer 4

• non-standard
• poorly-paid
• insecure
• unprotected

Question 5

The Working Poor

Answer 5

low-income individuals, drawing an income from part-time jobs/other precarious work

Question 6

de-professionalization. what is it and what populations are most likely to be vulnerable to it?

Answer 6

the tendency of people (often in the case of immigrants) to hold jobs that underutilize their experience and qualifications

Question 7

What are social networks and which groups are likely to have less of them?

Answer 7

social networks are patterns of social relationships among individuals based on interactions and communications (professional relationships)

immigrants often lack them.

Question 8

Temporary Foreign Workers Program

Answer 8

Canadian hiring of international workers to fill labour shortages they cannot fil with Canadian workers.

Question 9

Non-Status Workers (what are they and what situations are they vulnerable to?)

Answer 9

Immigrants working in Canada without documentation
- they are vulnerable to financial exploitation
- under the table pay under minimum wage

Question 10

racialized stratification (what is it and what are its consequences?)

Answer 10

*the process by which the assigned membership of an individual/group in a race becomes the basis for social stratification

this process leads to
- higher unemployment rates
- insecure and lower-paying jobs

Question 11

Emotional work

Answer 11

commodification of emotions (this is common for women in male-dominated fields)

Question 12

imposter syndrome

Answer 12

you should know what this is LOL HAHA FUNNY

Question 13

social reproduction

Answer 13

• provision of food, shelter, clothing, healthcare done by women for their families and communities

Question 14

“The Second Shift”

Answer 14

domestic arrangements in which women take on the most domestic labour, even if they hold paid jobs outside the home

Question 15

skill obsolescence

Answer 15

The degree to which professionals lack up to-date knowledge or skills necessary to preserve effective performance in their current or future work roles

Question 16

ageism

Answer 16

discrimination on the basis of age

Question 17

Human Capital Theory in the context of indigenous employment and education

Answer 17

skills, knowledge shared from one person to another is not given to indigenous people (e.g. First-gen professionals), lack of mentorships and connections

Question 18

Structural Discrimination

Answer 18

rules that give disadvantages to people (e.g. assumptions, stereotypes)

Question 19

Stigma

Answer 19

Visible or invisible social distinctions that disqualify individuals from full social acceptance

Question 20

Social Mobility

Answer 20

The ability of individuals to move within a social hierarchy, often used in terms of jobs or class

Question 21

Employment Discrimination

Answer 21

Refers to the unequal treatment by employers based on ascriptive characteristics including gender, race, ethnicity, accent, and skin colour

Question 22

What three legislations prevent employment discrimination?

Answer 22

1. the employment equity act
2. the canadian human rights act
3. the canadian charter of rights and freedoms

Question 23

What is the employment equity act? What is one alleged criticism against it?

Answer 23

this act requires federally-regulated employers to actively recruit from historically disadvantaged populations