26- Lower Extremity 1 Flashcards
What 3 joints comprise the pelvic girdle?
acetabulofemoral joint, sacroiliac, pubic symphysis
What is te function of the pubic symphysis?
anterior strut that provides stability during walking or sitting
what are the main motions of the pubic symphysis?
superior/inferior glide and separation/compression
What maintains the intrinsic stabilityof the acetabulofemoral joint?
shape, ligamentous nd cartilagenous attachements
What is the mecahnical axis?
weight bearing axis, on medial side of femur
What is the Q angle?
The wangle between the mechanical and anatomical axises
What’s a normal Q angle?
between 4-14 degrees
What happens with a larger than normal Q angle?
it can cause wear and stress in joints
What is the angle of inclination?
Difference between the long angle along the diaphysis of the femur ad the angle going through the femoral neck
Whats a normal angle of inclination?
120-135 degrees
What angle is coxa vara?
<120 degrees
What is the cause of coxa vara?
Shorter leg, congenital or acquired
What is the angle of coxa valga?
> 135 deegrees
What is the relative internal rotation/anteversion?
When you put the femoral head in internal rotation, it glides anteriorly, seats the head deeper in the acetabulum, toes in fott and angle, can lead to short leg
What is rrelative external rotation/retroversion?
Femoral head rotates externally, shallow in acetabulum, get longer leg.
What 3 bones compose the inominate?
ilium, ischium, pubis
What 3 things can lead to leg length difference?
tight adductors, tight hamstrings, tight quads
What ill tight adductors do to the inominate?
higher iliac crest and functional shortening
What will tight hamstrings do?
pulls pelvic posterior creating a fucntional shortening
what will tight quads do?
pulls pelvis anterior creating a functional lengthening
What are the 3 planes of motion of the hip joint?
flex/ext, ab/adduction, int/external rotation
Axis of flex/extension?
transverse axis, saggital plane
Tight hip flexion could be due to what tight muscles?
hamstrings
Main hip flexor?
iliopsoas
Main hip extensor?
Gluteus maximus
What does the piriformis do?
external rotation
How do you check for external rotation of the hip?
have the pt sit and swing lower leg inward (internalrotation)which then externally rotattes the thigh and hip
What muscle is evaluated with the trendelemburg tesst?
gluteus medius
What muscle tightens the iliotibial band?
tensor fascia lata
What is the function of the IT band?
lateral stabilization of the femur
What innervates the iliopsoas?
femoral nerve (L1-3)
What makes rectus femoris different than the other quads?
Spans over 2 joints- hip and knee
What is the attachemnts of the sartorius?
ASIS to medial aspect of tibia
What are the 3 muscles of the gooses foot?
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
fibular head- tightening can lead to a fibular head disfxn
What innervates the gluteus max?
inferior gluteal n (S1)
What innervates gluteus medius?
superior gluteal n (L5)
Acetabulofemoral joint pain can be reerred to which region?
inguinal region
