2.6 EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
- unicellular organisms that lacks a nuclear membrane-enclosed nucleus
- “Pro” means before, “Karyon” means nut/kernel
- evolved 3.5 billion years ago (before eukaryotes)
- divided into 2 groups in the 3 domain system: archaea, bacteria
What is the Eocyte Hypothesis?
a biological classification that indicates eukaryotes enlarged within the prokaryotic - a phylum in the Archaea.
+11aa (EF -1α/Tu)
Does a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cell
What type of DNA do these cells have?
Eukaryotic = linear, Prokaryotic = circular
What DNA organisation do these cells have?
In prokaryotes, proteins fold and condense the DNA
In eukaryotes, the DNA is associated with proteins called Histones
Do these cells have extra chromosomal DNA?
In prokaryotes, extra chromosomal DNA is in the form of Plasmids
In eukaryotes, this is in certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which type of cell has SOME membrane bound organelle and which has none?
Eukaryotes have some, prokaryotes have none.
What cell walls are present in these cells?
Prokaryotes = peptidoglycan
Eukaryotes = Chitin in fungi, Cellulose in plants, not present in animals
What size ribosomes are present in either cells?
- Smaller, 70s in prokaryotes
- Larger, 80s in eukaryotes
Do these cells contain a cytoskeleton?
Both Prokaryote cells and Eukaryote cells have a cytoskeleton, however this is more complex in Eukaryotes.
How do these cells reproduce?
In eukaryotes, reproduction can be sexual or a-sexual
In prokaryotes, reproduction happens during Binary Fussion
What cell types are eukaryotes?
Uni or Multicellular
What cell types are prokaryotes?
Unicellular
Do these cells contain a cell surface membrane (AKA a plasma membrane)?
Both Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells contain a cell surface membrane
