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604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 > 2.6 - Development of T cells > Flashcards

2.6 - Development of T cells Flashcards

1
Q

Function of primary lymphoid organs

A

Maturation of immature cells (lymphoid stem cells) into immunocompetent lymphocytes

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2
Q

Role of thymus

A

Maturation of thymocytes into T lymphocytes (T cells)

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3
Q

Precursor T cells are derived from the ___ stem cell in the bone marrow and travel to the ___

A

Hematopoietic
Thymus

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4
Q

Once T cells are mature, where do they go?

A

To secondary lymphoid organs like the spleen, lymph node, and gastro associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

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5
Q

What are the 2 portions of the thymus?

A

Cortical and medullary

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6
Q

What cell types is the cortex made of?

A

Cortical epithelial cell
Thymocyte

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7
Q

cortical epithelial cell origin

A

Thymic origin

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8
Q

Thymocyte origin

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

Cell types of the medulla

A

Medullary epithelial cell
Macrophage
Dendritic cell

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10
Q

Macrophage origin

A

Bone marrow

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11
Q

Dendritic cell origin

A

Bone marrow

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12
Q

When progenitor lymphoid cells come into contact w/ thymus, they enter around the ___ region and go up into the ___

A

Medullary cortical
Cortex

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13
Q

As T cells develop, they go from ___ to ___ region

A

Cortex to medullary

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14
Q

At birth the thymus is ___

A

Fully developed

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15
Q

Thymus is replaced by fatty material as you get older. This is called

A

Involution

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16
Q

Does loss of thymus mean loss of cell mediated immunity (CMI)?

A

No
Long living T cells and some self-renewal

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17
Q

When the uncommitted progenitor cell from the bone marrow comes into contact with the thymic epithelium it gives rise to ___

A

double negative cells (CD4 and CD8)

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18
Q

Marker for uncommitted progenitor cell?

A

CD34

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19
Q

CD34 marker is important for bone marrow

A

Transplantation

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20
Q

When cell becomes committed to being a T cell, it loses ___ expression and expresses T cells associated with ___ marker

A

CD34
CD2

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21
Q

CD34 is a ___ surface marker

A

stem-cell

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22
Q

CD2 is involved in

A

adhesion and signaling

23
Q

Are CD4 and CD8 active or inactive in double negative thymocyte committed to T cell lineage

A

Inactive

24
Q

TCR genes begin to ___ when the double-neg thymocyte committed to the T cell lineage

A

Rearrange

25
Q

Thymocyte expresses a receptor called ___

A

Notch 1

26
Q

Where is Notch 1 located

A

Thymic epithelium cells

27
Q

Describe notch 1

A

Driving force in thymic epithelium where thymocytes can be driven to become mature T lymphocytes

28
Q

When notch ligand’s attached it drives T cell towards ___

A

development

29
Q

What committed steps leave the thymus?

A

Committed gamma:delta T cell from beta, gamma, delta rearrangement
Committed gamma:delta T cell from alpha, gamma, delta rearrangement

30
Q

What is the result of beta, gamma, delta rearrangement

A

Committed gamma:delta T cell and committed double positive thymocyte are produced

31
Q

What does an uncommitted double positive thymocyte consist of?

A

CD8, CD4, and beta chain

32
Q

What is the result from alpha, gamma, delta rearrangement?

A

Committed gamma:delta T cell and committed alpha:beta T cell

33
Q

Majority of T cells are ___

A

committed alpha:beta T cell

34
Q

During rearrangement T cells are committed w/ gamma:delta T cell receptor or an uncommitted double positive thymocyte. Both will be ___

A

CD3+

35
Q

Both gamma:delta and alpha:beta T cells express

A

CD3

36
Q

An antibody to CD3 is used in supressing and removing T cells in patients undergoing a

A

Graft rejection

37
Q

In the blood over ___ of the circulating T cells express the alpha:beta receptor

A

90%

38
Q

T cells expressing the gamma:delta receptor are mainly located in the

A

epithelium surfaces including mucosal surfaces

39
Q

Where are the 2 check points for TCR?

A

After rearrangement of beta genes
After rearrangement of alpha genes

40
Q

If you can’t rearrange beta or gamma: delta at the checkpoint for pre-TCR, and you can’t rearrange alpha or gamma:delta at the checkpoint for TCR, what happens?

A

Cell dies

41
Q

RAG-1 and RAG-2 function

A

lymphoid specific recombinase

42
Q

TdT function

A

N-nucleotide addition

43
Q

CD3 and CD2 function

A

signal transducation

44
Q

Where can you find dead cells?

A

Cortex and cortex medullary region

45
Q

Describe positive selection

A

Stimulation of T cells that recognize correct MHC marker and elimination of those that don’t

46
Q

What happens if TCR interacts with MHC 1?

A

CD4 dies and end up with CD8 T cell

47
Q

What happens if TCR recognizes MHC II?

A

CD8 dies and end up with CD4 T cell

48
Q

Describe negative selection

A

Removal of T cells that bind and recognize self antigens that are associated with MHC

49
Q

Negative selection depends on ___ that express self antigens that come from thymus in blood

A

APC (dendritic cells and macrophages)

50
Q

Define peripheral tolerance

A
  • Occurs after mature naive T cells leave the thymus
  • occurs in peripheral blood or organs associated with
51
Q

What are the antigen presenting cells for positive selection?

A

Cortical epithelial cells
- Thymically derived

52
Q

What are the antigen presenting cells for negative selection?

A

Dendritic cells and macrophages
- Derived from bone marrow

53
Q

T cells that leave the thymus are known as ___

A

Mature naive T cells

604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 (5 decks)

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