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604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 > 2.3 - B Cell Development > Flashcards

2.3 - B Cell Development Flashcards

1
Q

B cells develop in the

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

Both T and B cells are derived from the ___ which expresses ___ marker

A

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
CD34

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3
Q

What is the specific marker expressed in B cells?

A

CD19

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4
Q

What’s the specific marker for T cells?

A

CD3

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5
Q

Does B cell rearrangement happen in the heavy or light chain first?

A

Heavy chain

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6
Q

Heavy chain is designated by what greek letter

A

mu (µ)

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7
Q

___ expresses IgM on its surface with either kappa or lambda light chain

A

Immature B cell

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8
Q

What cells play an important role in B cell maturation?

A

BM stromal cells

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9
Q

BM stromal cells produce __ signal

A

IL-7

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10
Q

A critical cytokine in the development of B cells is ___. It is the ___ force for B cell to go from early B cell to immature B cell

A

IL-7

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11
Q

What receptor do B cells express so a cytokine can bind to it and drive it to maturation?

A

IL-7 receptor

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12
Q

Describe heavy chain rearrangement

A
  • Occurs on chromosomes 1 and 2
  • Occurs on chromosome 1 first and if successful it moves on to light chain rearrangement
  • If not successful, it moves on to chromosome 2, and if that’s successful it moves on to light chain rearrangement
  • If neither successful, cell undergoes apoptosis
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13
Q

Light chains contain a ___ chain during the early part of the development process

A

Surrogate light chain

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14
Q

What are the signaling markers for B cells that send signals to the cell interior when the B cell receptor binds an antigen?

A

Igbeta and Igalpha

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15
Q

The surrogate light chain is expressed in the

A

cytoplasm

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16
Q

There is rearrangement in light chains, this does/does not occur b/c of allelic exclusion

A

does

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17
Q

When 1 chromosome rearranges, the other one does/does not shut down

A

Does

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18
Q

allelic exclusion gives ___ B cells receptors w/ ___ avidity binding

A

Homogenous
High

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19
Q

No allelic exclusion gives ___ B-cell receptors w/ ___ avidity binding

A

Heterogenous
Low

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20
Q

Describe light chain rearrangement

A
  1. Rearrangement of kappa gene on first
    chromosome → cell expresses mu and kappa
  2. If that doesn’t work, rearrangement of kappa
    gene on second chromosome → cell expresses
    mu and kappa
  3. If that doesn’t work, rearrangement of lamba gene on first chromosome → cell expresses mu and lambda
  4. If that doesn’t work, rearrangement of lambda on second chromosome → cell expresses mu and lambda
  5. If that doesn’t work, apoptosis
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21
Q

Are there usually more kappa or lambda light chains? what’s the ration?

A

Kappa
2:1

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22
Q

Checkpoints occur after which rearrangements? What happens if the chains don’t rearrange?

A

Occurs after heavy and light chain rearrangement

Apoptosis

23
Q

IL-7 receptor function

A

Growth factor receptor

24
Q

Igalpha and Igbeta function

A

Signal transduction

25
Q

CD19 function

A

signal transduction

26
Q

Pax-5 function

A

Transcription factor

27
Q

Describe B1 lineage

A
  • short lived plasma cell
  • 1st B cell produce in BM before birth
  • has a restricted V region
  • Can self renew after birth
  • Little memory development
28
Q

Where can you find B1 lineage?

A

Medullary cords in LN
Red pulp spleen
secondary lymphoid organs

29
Q

What isotype does the B1 lineage secrete?

A

IgM

30
Q

Describe B2 lineage

A
  • Short and long lived
  • produced after birth
  • In the bone marrow
  • Diverse V region
  • Replaced from bone marrow
  • Has memory development
31
Q

Where can you find the B2 lineage?

A

BM

32
Q

What isotypes does the B2 lineage secrete?

A

All 5

33
Q

B1 is a ___ B cell

A

CD5+

34
Q

B cells that recognize self undergo ___ selection

A

Negative

35
Q

If a B cell reacts w/ self antigen does it stay/leave the bone marrow. What then happens?

A

Stays

It goes through self editing in the light chain, NOT in the heavy chain, to produce a non self reactive light chain
- it undergoes rearrangement

36
Q

If a B cell doesn’t react w/ self antigen, the B cell moves to the ___ and expresses what lymphoids?

A

Blood to go to secondary lymphoid organs

IgD and IgM

37
Q

If there’s unsuccessful editing for the light chain, what happens?

A

apoptosis

38
Q

What is central tolerance?

A

Soluble univalent self antigens interact w/ igM on the surface of B cells and the cell becomes unresponsive or anergic
- When there’s neg selection

39
Q

What is peripheral tolerance?

A
  • Develops after B cell leaves BM and then encounters self antigen
  • The self reacting B cells die or become anergic
40
Q

Steps for B cell entering lymph node and leaving

A
  1. Enters through HEV
  2. goes to primary lymphoid follicle
  3. Leave via efferent lymphatic to go to blood
41
Q

When B cells go to primary follicle, what then happens?

A

it interacts with follicular dendritic cells which aids in the maturation of the immature B cell into a mature, naive B cell

42
Q

Describe follicular dendritic cells

A
  • doesn’t have hematopoetic origin
  • doesn’t process antigen, just holds it on its surface
  • not a dendritic cell
  • displays dendritic extensions
43
Q

What happens in positive selection?

A

B cells interact w/ FDC or they die

44
Q

Where can B cells encounter an antigen in the lymph node?

A

In the B cell region or germinal center

45
Q

When B cells differentiate into plasma cells, they migrate to

A

Medullary cord in the lymph node or the bone marrow

46
Q

B cells make antibodies which deal w/ microorganisms outside/inside cell. B cells undergo ___ immunity

A

Outside

Humoral

47
Q

The co-receptor of B cells

A

CD19

48
Q

Describe T-dependent responses

A
  • Requires T cell help for B cell to become activated
  • Involves B2 lineage
  • involves the TH2 and TfH subset
  • required for the majority of antibody responses
49
Q

Describe T-independent responses

A
  • B cell can interact w/ antigen and become activated w/o T cell help
  • involves B1 lineage
50
Q

B cell activation steps to turn into plasma cell

A
  1. IgM bind to antibody on surface of B cell
  2. Microorg is processed and presented on MHC II
  3. antigen’s recognized by helper T cells
  4. helper T cell’s activated and releases cytokines
  5. B cell turns into plasma cell
51
Q

First signal in B cell activation

A

B cell interacting with its specific antigen through the B cell receptor

52
Q

Second signal in B cell activation

A

Interaction of the TCR w/ the MHC class II molecule on the surface of the B cell which contains the process antigen

53
Q

What’s an important component of the second signal in B cell activation?

A

Interaction of CD40 on the B cell surface w/ its ligand CD40 on the T cell

604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 (5 decks)

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