26-50 Flashcards
Acetaminophen Tablet:325 mg, 500 mg Tablet, ER:650 mg Chewable Tablet:80 mg; Solution:160 mg/5 mL, 500 mg/5 mL Rectal Suppository:120 mg, 325 mg, 650 mg
pain, headache, fever
Do not exceed the maximum recommended daily dose; higher doses may result in hepatic injury, including severe hepatotoxicity and death. Avoid alcohol, especially if use is chronic.
Tylenol
Analgesic
Rare but serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, elevated liver function tests
Decreased pain, fever. If fever does not resolve in 3 d or pain in 10 d, seek medical attention. Seek medical attention for severe skin rash, black tarry stools, and yellowing of eyes or skin.
Allopurinol
Tablet:100 mg, 300 mg
Gout
Take after meals to lessen gastric irritation. Maintain adequate hydration during therapy to prevent kidney stones. Patient should avoid alcohol and caffeine while taking allopurinol. Seek medical attention if signs and symptoms of myelosuppression, agranulocytosis (severe neutropenia), or Stevens-Johnson syndrome (flu-like symptoms, spreading red rash, or skin/mucous membrane blistering) occur.
Zyloprim
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor; Antigout
Rare but Serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulomatous hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, immune hypersensitivity reaction, renal failure.
Resolution of clinical signs of gout (pain, stiffness), serum uric acid concentrations measured after 48 h of therapy.
Cetirizine Oral Tablet:5 mg, 10 mg; Oral Tablet, Chewable:5 mg, 10 mg; Oral Tablet, Dispersible:10 mg; Oral Capsule:10 mg; Oral Solution:1 mg/mL;Oral Syrup:1 mg/mL
Perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis; urticaria, chronic
Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known, as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects.
Zyrtec
Antihistamine
Common (>10%) Drowsiness.
Improvement in rhinitis or urticaria symptoms.
Diphenhydramine Oral
Oral Tablet, Oral Capsule:25 mg, 50 mg;
Tablet, Chewable:12.5 mg;
Oral Liquid:12.5 mg/5 mL
allergic reactions, motion sickness, cough, sleep
May cause drowsiness; avoid driving and operating machinery. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants. If used for sleep, good sleep hygiene and avoidance of caffeine, alcohol, nicotine should be recommended.
Benadryl
Antihistamine, Antitussive, Antiemetic, Hypnotic
Common (>10%) Dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, restlessness
Rare but serious (<1%) Chest tightness, hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, hypersensitivity, rash, urinary retention
Improvement in allergic symptoms, cough, nausea, or insomnia. Seek medical attention for signs of severe CNS toxicity.
Fexofenadine
Tablet:30 mg, 60 mg, 180 mg;
Oral Disintegrating Tablet:30 mg;Oral Suspension:30 mg/5 mL
seasonal allergic rhinitis, idiopathic urticaria
Avoid allergic triggers. Use scheduled doses instead of prn. Symptoms should improve after 3-4 d, but may require 2-4 wk for full benefit. Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects. Avoid alcohol.
Allegra Allergy
Antihistamine
Common (>10%) Headache, vomiting (children)
Rare but Serious (<1%) Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema, chest tightness, dyspnea, flushing, pruritus, rash, urticaria); insomnia, nervousness.
Improvement in rhinitis or urticaria symptoms. Seek medical attention for signs of severe fatigue, fast or irregular heartbeat, rash, or shortness of breath.
Loratadine Oral Capsule, Oral Tablet:10 mg; Chewable Tablet:5 mg; Dispersible Tablet:5 mg, 10 mg; Oral Syrup, Oral Solution:5 mg/5 mL
perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis
Avoid allergic triggers. Use scheduled doses instead of prn, symptoms should improve after 3-4 d, but may require 2-4 wk for full benefit. Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects at higher than the usual dose.
Claritin
Antihistamine
Common (>10%) Headache
Rare but Serious (<1%) Anaphylaxis, heart palpitations, chest pain, bronchospasm, hypotension
Improvement in rhinitis or urticaria symptoms. Seek medical attention for signs of severe fatigue, fast or irregular heartbeat, rash, or shortness of breath.
Alendronate
Tablet:5 mg, 10 mg, 35 mg, 40 mg, 70 mg;
Solution:70 mg/75 mL;
Effervescent Tablet:70 mg
Postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment/prophylaxis, paget disease, osteoporosis
Swallow the noneffervescent tablet whole with a large glass (240 mL) of plain water only. Dissolve 1 effervescent tablet in 120 mL of room temperature plain water only (not mineral water or flavored water); once effervescence stops, wait ≥5 min and stir the solution for ∼10 s and then drink. Remain upright at least 30 min after you swallow the tablet before you eat or drink anything or take any other medicines. This will help your body absorb the medicine. Do not lie down for at least 30 min after taking this medicine, and do not lie down until after you have eaten some food.
Fosamax, Binosto
Bisphosphonate
Common (>10%) Fever, flu-like syndrome, gastric ulcer
Rare but serious (<1%) Osteonecrosis of the jaw, esophageal cancer, immune hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, fractures
Increased BMD (T-score), decreased incidence of bone fractures.
Methylphenidate
Oral Tablet:5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg;
Oral Tablet, Chewable:2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg;
Oral Tablet, Extended Release:10 mg, 18 mg, 20 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg, 54 mg;
Oral Capsule, Extended Release:10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg;
Oral Capsule Extended Release, 24 h:10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg;
Oral Solution:5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL;
Oral Suspension:25 mg/5 mL;
Patch:10 mg/9 h, 15 mg/9 h, 20 mg/9 h, 30 mg/9 h
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), narcolepsy
Avoid late evening doses due to resulting insomnia. Swallow the extended-release capsule whole. Do not crush, break, or chew it. If you cannot swallow the extended-release capsule, you may open it and pour the medicine into a small amount of soft food such as pudding, yogurt, or applesauce. Stir this mixture well and swallow it without chewing. Avoid abrupt discontinuation. For the patch, apply same time each day, alternating hips. Remove after 9 h.
Ritalin
CNS Stimulant. C-II
Common (>10%) Weight loss, loss of appetite, headache, insomnia, irritability
Rare but Serious (<1%) Seizures, spasmodic movement, anemia, thrombocytopenia, psychosis, mania, drug dependence, suicidal thoughts, priapism, peripheral vasculopathy
Resolution of signs of ADHD, patients should have improved attention span and reduced impulsivity.
Bupropion Oral Tablet (Immediate Release):75 mg, 100 mg; Oral Tablet (Extended Release 12 h):100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg; Oral Tablet (Hydrochloride, Extended Release 24 h):150 mg, 300 mg, 450 mg; Oral Tablet (Hydrobromide, Extended Release 24 h):174 mg, 348 mg, 522 mg
Depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), smoking cessation assistance
Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants, and activities requiring mental alertness. Take at the same time each day and at bedtime if possible. If taking the extended-release tablet, the tablet shell may remain intact and be visible in the stool.
Wellbutrin, Zyban
Monocyclic Antidepressant
Common (>10%) Agitation, constipation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, tachyarrhythmia, tremor, xerostomia
Rare but serious (<1%) Cardiac dysrhythmia, mania, seizure, suicidal thoughts, wide QRS complex.
Improvement in depressive symptoms, may require 4-6 wk. Abstinence from tobacco products.
Guaifenesin Oral Solution:100 mg/5 mL; Oral Syrup:100 mg/5 mL; Tablet:200 mg, 400 mg; Tablet, Extended Release:600 mg
Cough, due to minor throat and bronchial irritation
Advise patients to get adequate rest and hydration. Take with plenty of noncaffeinated liquids. Tastes awful; do not chew or crush the immediate-release formulations.
Mucinex
Expectorant
Common (>10%). Nausea, vomiting, constipation, somnolence
Rare but serious (<1%) Increased risk of kidney stones
Relief from cough. Seek medical attention if cough does not improve in 7 d or if severe skin rash or flank pain occurs.
Levofloxacin
Oral Solution:25 mg/mL;
Oral Tablet:250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg
Bacterial prostatitis/sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin infection
Seek medical attention if decreased urination, yellowing of eyes, blistering skin rash or extreme fatigue, unusual bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath or chest pain, tendon pain, muscle weakness, a “pins and needles” tingling or pricking sensation, numbness in the arms or legs, confusion or hallucinations. Take with or without food, but not with milk, yogurt, or other dairy products or calcium-fortified products (some juices and breads). If using antacids, sucralfate, or mineral supplements and multivitamins with calcium, iron, or zinc, take levofloxacin at least 2 h before or 6 h after these medicines
Levaquin
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
Common (>10%). Photosensitivity
Rare but serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, renal failure, severe hypersensitivity, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, seizure, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmias, liver failure, tendon rupture, psychosis, glucose abnormalities,C. difficilecolitis, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, severe cardiac, dermatologic and hypersensitivity reactions
Resolution of signs and symptoms of infection.
Liraglutide
Solution, Pen Injector:18 mg/3 mL
Diabetes Type 2
Monitor blood glucose periodically (typically daily, more frequently if administered with sulfonylurea or insulin). If <70 mg/dL eat non-sugar free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber. Administer in upper arm, thigh, or abdomen. Change needle for each injection, do not share pens, even if needle is changed. If also using insulin, administer with separate injection in a non-adjacent area. Can be injected without regard to meals.
Victoza, Saxenda
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Receptor Agonist
Common (>10%) Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, hypoglycemia
Rare but serious (<1%) Acute renal failure, thyroid carcinoma, exacerbation of chronic renal failure, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity (angioedema, anaphylaxis)
Pre-prandial blood glucose between 70 and 130 mg/dL, HbA1c<7%.
Tiotropium Inhalation Capsule (Handihaler):18 mcg; Aerosol Solution (Respimat): 1.25 mcg/actuation
COPD, asthma
dvise patients that this drug is not indicated for acute bronchospasm (rescue therapy). This drug may cause increased HR, dry mouth, constipation, urinary difficulty and retention, respiratory tract infection, and sinusitis. Warn patients that the drug capsules are for inhalation only and are not to be swallowed; instruct patients on the use of the inhalation device.
Spiriva Handihaler, Spiriva Respimat
Anticholinergic Bronchodilator
Common (>10%) Xerostomia, upper respiratory infection.
Rare but serious (<1%) Bowel obstruction, cerebrovascular accident; bronchospasm
Monitor pulmonary function tests, shortness of breath.
Albuterol
Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI), Aerosol Powder for Inhalation, Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI):90 (base) mcg/actuation;
Tablet:2 mg, 4 mg;
Extended-Release Tablet:4 mg, 8 mg;
Syrup:2 mg/5 mL;I
nhalation Solution:0.021%, 0.042%, 0.083%
Asthma (acute exacerbation), asthma (bronchospasm), exercise-induced bronchospasm
Instruct patient on inhaler technique, including priming and shaking well before using. Wash the mouthpiece and air dry thoroughly at least once a week (may cease to deliver medication if mouthpiece becomes blocked). Part of the extended-release tablet may pass into stool. Contact prescriber if more albuterol is needed to control symptoms than usual as this may indicate acute asthma exacerbation. Do not use more frequently than recommended. DPI does not require shaking or priming but does require deep inhalation for use.
ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA, ProAir Respiclick
Bronchodialator
Common (>10%) Nausea, pharyngitis, rhinitis, throat irritation, upper respiratory tract infections.
Rare but serious (<1%) Paradoxical bronchospasms, pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation
Resolution of asthma symptoms and PFTs.
Pseudoephedrine Oral Liquid:15 mg/5 mL, 30 mg/5 mL; Tablet:30 mg, 60 mg; Tablet, Abuse-Deterrent:30 mg;Tablet, Extended Release (12 h):120 mg; Tablet, Extended Release (24 h):240 mg
Nasal congestion
Patients should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are known as drug may cause dizziness or sedative effects. Pseudoephedrine can also have activating effects, causing “jitters” and loss of sleep. Advise patients to use the 30-mg immediate-release tablets and consider avoiding the extended-release products. Advise patients to get plenty of rest and fluids.
Sudafed
Alpha/Beta Agonist
Common (>10%) Headache, insomnia, restlessness
Rare but serious (<1%) Anaphylaxis, heart palpitations, seizures
Relief from nasal congestion. Seek medical attention if no improvement in 7 d or signs of severe fatigue, fast or irregular heartbeat, rash, or shortness of breath occur.
Aspirin Oral Tablet:325 mg; Oral Tablet, Chewable:81 mg; Oral Tablet, Enteric Coated:81 mg, 162 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg; Oral Caplet:81 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg; Rectal Suppository:300 mg, 600 mg; Gum:227 mg
Fever, generalized aches, pains, headache
• Avoid additional aspirin, NSAIDs or aspirin-containing products during drug therapy, unless approved by health care professional, particularly if history of GI disease. Avoid >3 alcoholic drinks/d, as risk of GI bleeds increase. Use should be discontinued temporarily in advance of dental procedures
N/a
Salicylate
Common (>10%) Abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, indigestion
Rare but serious (<1%) Angioedema, GI hemorrhage, GI ulcer, Reye syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Decreased pain, fever. If fever does not resolve in 3 d or pain in 10 d, seek medical attention. Seek medical attention if severe skin rash, black tarry stools, hematemesis, chest pains, yellowing of eyes or skin, or change in urination occur.
Ibuprofen
Tablet:200 mg;
Suspension:100 mg/5 mL, 50 mg/1.25 mL
fever, pain, headache
Take with food or milk to decrease GI upset.
Motrin, Advil
NSAID
Common (>10%) GI distress
Rare but serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, GI bleeding, thrombosis, elevated liver functions, acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, aplastic anemia
Decreased pain, fever. If fever does not resolve in 3 d or pain in 10 d, seek medical attention. Seek medical attention
Meloxicam
Oral Tablet:7.5 mg, 15 mg;
Oral Capsule:5 mg, 10 mg;
Oral Suspension:7.5 mg/5 mL
osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Take with food or milk to decrease GI upset. For suspension, shake gently before using
Mobic
NSAID
Less Common (1-10%) Edema, itching, rash, GI distress, dizziness, tinnitus, ototoxicity. Rare but serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, GI bleeding, elevated LFT, acute renal failure, congestive heart failure, aplastic anemia
Decreased pain and improved range of motion.
Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone Oral Capsule, Extended Release, Abuse-Deterrent (Hydrocodone Alone):10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg; Oral Tablet, Extended Release, Abuse-Deterrent (Hydrocodone Alone):20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg, 100 mg, 120 mg; Oral Tablet (With Acetaminophen): Oral Elixir, Oral Solution (With Acetaminophen):Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen 7.5 mg/325 mg per 15 mL,
Pain, severe enough to require daily around-the-clock opioid
Use a stool softener and/or laxative for preventing constipation with chronic use. May cause drowsiness; avoid driving or other tasks requiring motor coordination. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants.
Vicodin, Zohydro ER, Hysingla ER
Opioid Analgesic. C-II
Common (>10%) Constipation, GI distress, somnolence.
Less common (1-10%) Rash, respiratory depression, euphoria, pruritus.
Rare but serious (<1%) Stevens-Johnson syndrome, physical dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression; Serotonin syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, decreased sex hormones
Relief of pain.
Oxycodone
Oral Tablet, Immediate Release: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg;
Oral Tablet, Extended Release 12 Hour Abuse Deterrent:10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg;
Oral Capsule:5 mg;Oral Concentrate: 100 mg/5 mL;
Oral Capsule 12 Hour Abuse-Deterrent: 9 mg, 13.5 mg, 18 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg
Pain, chronic, moderate to severe
Use a stool softener and/or laxative for preventing constipation. May cause drowsiness; avoid driving or other tasks requiring motor coordination. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants.
Oxycontin
Opioid Analgesic C2
Common (>10%) Constipation, GI distress, sedation, sweating, pruritus.
Less Common (1-10%) Asthenia, dyspnea, hypotension, euphoria.
Rare but serious (<1%) Cardiac arrest, physical dependence, tolerance, severe hypersensitivity, serotonin syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, decreased sex hormones
Tramadol
Oral Tablet:50 mg;
Oral Tablet, Dispersible: 50 mg;
Oral Tablet, Extended Release:100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg;
Oral Capsule, Extended Release 24 h:100 mg (composed of 25 mg immediate release followed by 75 mg extended release), 200 mg (composed of 50 mg immediate release followed by 150 mg extended release), 300 mg (composed of 50 mg immediate release followed by 250 mg extended release);
Oral Suspension:10 mg/mL;
Topical Cream:5%, 8%
Pain, chronic, moderate to moderately severe
Use a stool softener and stimulant or laxative for preventing constipation if used chronically. May cause drowsiness; avoid driving or other tasks requiring motor coordination. Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants. Extended-release products must not be crushed or chewed, but may be taken with or without food, and always the same way to avoid variability in absorption.
Ultram
Opioid Analgesic C-4
Common (>10%) Constipation, GI distress, dizziness, sedation, edema, sweating, pruritus, headaches, flushing.
Rare but serious (<1%) Cardiac arrest, physical dependence, tolerance, seizures, pancreatitis, suicidal ideation, anemia, serotonin syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, decreased sex hormones
Relief of pain.
Amoxicillin
Capsule:250 mg, 500 mg;
Chewable Tablet:125 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg;Drop:50 mg/mL;
Suspension:125 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL; 250 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL;
Tablet:500 mg, 875 mg;
Tablet, Extended Release:775 mg
Different infections
Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution. Can take with food if causes upset stomach. Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages and use with measuring device that comes with prescription. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner
Amoxil, Moxatag
β-Lactam Antibiotic
Common (>10%) Diarrhea, nausea.
Less common (1-10%) skin rash, vomiting, headache.
Rare but serious (<1%) Severe hypersensitivity, renal failure, hepatic failure, pancytopenia
Resolution of clinical signs of infection.
Sildenafil
Oral Tablet:20 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg;
Oral Suspension:10 mg/mL
Erectile dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension
Take 30 min-4 h prior to anticipated sexual activity, but do not take more frequently than once q24h.
Viagra, Revatio
Erectile Dysfunction Agent, Pulmonary Hypertension Agent
Common (>10%) Flushing, nausea, headache, visual disturbances, lack of blue/green color discrimination.
Rare but serious (<1%) Myocardial infarction, seizures, strokes, sudden hearing loss, priapism
Improvement in sexual function, improvement in respiratory status/functional status.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethazole
Oral Tablet:(SMZ/TMP) 400 mg/80 mg (single strength), 800 mg/160 mg (double strength);
Oral Suspension:(SMZ/TMP) 200 mg/40 mg/5 mL
Acute infective exacerbation of COPD. HIV infection,Pneumocystispneumonia, Traveler’s diarrhea, UTI. Basically, this drug can treat and prevent infection
Complete full course of therapy. For the suspension, shake well and store at room temperature. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner. May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen. Maintain adequate hydration during therapy to prevent kidney complications.
Bactrim, Septra
Sulfonamide Antibiotic
Common (>10%) diarrhea, nausea.
Rare but serious (<1%) Severe hypersensitivity, renal failure, hepatic failure, pancytopenia, arrhythmias, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hemolytic anemia
Resolution of signs of infection within 2-3 d. Decreased episodes ofPneumocystispneumonia.
Doxycycline
Powder for Oral Suspension:25 mg/5 mL;
Oral Tablet:20 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg;
Oral Tablet, Delayed Release:75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg;
Oral Capsule:50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg
Acinetobacter infection, acne vulgaris, gonorrhea, staphyloccal infection of skin
May take with food that does not contain calcium. Complete full course of therapy. Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d. Wear sunscreen. Administer with 240 mL of water.
Vibramycin
Tetracycline Antibiotic
Common (>10%) Photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in children <8 y of age.
Rare but serious (<1%) Esophageal ulceration, hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity,C. difficilecolitis, increased intracranial pressure, decreased growth in children
Resolution of symptoms of infection.
