2550 Final Flashcards by Latifah Islam

“How to Spell Spic,” “Commonwealth,” “Cosecha”

Eric Morales-Franceschini

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“Puerto Rican Obituary”

Pedro Pietri

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“AmeRícan”

Tato Laviera

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“Bilingual Blues”

Pérez Firmat
(collusion/collision, spiritual bilocation, Generation 1.5)

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“To Live in the Borderlands”

Gloria Anzaldúa

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“I am Joaquín”

Corky González

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“Borders”

Denice Frohman

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“Discovering Myself - Un Testimonio”

Chiqui Vicioso
(Afro-latinidad, Haití)

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“Miami”

Karla Cornejo Villavicencio, from Ecuador
She discussed her experience as being brought to the United States and the pressures she felt as the “Ideal Immigrant”. She stresses the importance of mental health awareness, and discusses the impacts of early childhood separation. Talks a lot about healthcare access

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Pedro Albizu Campos

Leader of the Nationalist Party in PR

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Pedro Pietri

Nuyorican Poets Cafe founder, wrote Puerto Rican /Obituary and Spanglish National Anthem

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Tato Laviera

Nuyorican poet who wrote AmeRícan and My Graduation Speech

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Rafael Leónidas Trujillo

El Jefe, dictator of the Dominican Republic, led to the deaths of many, 31 years of dictatorship

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Rita Moreno

acted in West Side Story
the first Latina to win an Oscar

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Julia Álvarez

How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and In the Time of the Butterflies
From the upper-middle-class family that had to escape the Trujillo regime

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Gustavo Pérez Firmat:

Author of Bilingual Blues: shares some of the difficulties he has encountered while juggling two languages. Collision (clash, resistance) vs. Collusion (acceptance)
Facts of Life on the Hyphen, spiritual bilocation (being in one place but mind is in another), 1.5 generation (kids that came to the US as teenagers but were not born here)

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Hernán Badillo

First person of Puerto Rican descent (New Yorker) in U.S. House of Representatives

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José Ángel Gutiérrez

founder of the Raza Unida Party
voting and education activist improved relations between the Chicano and Anglo communities

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Erika Sánchez

Author of I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter (set in Chicago, coming of age story)

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Themes of I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter

Inter-generational rifts, grief/death, mental health, immigration (including undocumented), religions in Latino culture

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Julia, Olga, Juanga, Angie, Amá, Apá, Lorena, Mr. Ingman, Connor

characters in “I am not your perfect mexican daughter”

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Elizabeth Acevedo

wrote Hair, The Poet X, and the poem “Afro-Latina”

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Melania Luisa Marte

poet wrote “Afro-Latina”

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Ayana Legros

controversial
“Why I, A Haitian Woman Identify as Afro-Latina. And I Want My Sisters to Acknowledge This”
made a lot of people angry but understood that people weren’t ready to discuss this subject and decided to take a step back from the subject
Haitians were the most upset actually among others

Real Women Have Curves

Film, intergenerational coming of age story that deals with body image issues. Very similar to INYPMD.

The Young Lords

radical, grassroots civil rights organization that fought for the rights of marginalized communities in the 1960s and 1970s Fought for neighborhood empowerment, self-determination for Puerto Rico, and an end to inequality and poverty. Closely related to black panthers Started in Chicago but spread to NYC

Operation Bootstrap

Attract mainland business with cheap labor and employment opportunities to become a more industrial economy. Resulted in mass emigration and industrialization of PR (1947)

Operation Peter Pan

Developed to help Cuban parents send their children unaccompanied to the United States to avoid Communist indoctrination (1960-1962)

Puerto Rican Day Parade (1958)

First celebration of PR in the US

July 25, 1952

PR becomes a commonwealth

1873 (Puerto Rico)

Slavery abolished in PR

1937 (PR)

Ponce Massacre

1917 (PR)

Jones Act = citizenship to Puerto Ricans

April 17, 1961 (Cuba)

Bay of Pigs Exiled Cubans trained by US military tried to overthrow Castro but failed

1898

Spanish-American War The war was sparked by the mysterious sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, Cuba, in February 1898, and the U.S.'s support of the Cuban and Filipino fight for independence from Spanish rule.

1962 (Cuba)

Cuban Missile Crisis The U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, which were close enough to the U.S. mainland to quickly reach targets.

The Pre-Revoutionary Cuban Exodus

1869-1900 Prior to the Cuban Revolution of 1959, lots of Cubans had moved to the U.S. Large-scale emigration began with the Ten Year's War in Cuba, accelerated during Spanish-Cuban-American War, and proceeded.

The Golden Exile

1959-1962 Immigration wave of upper and middle class Cubans (urban, educated, light-skinned). Left for political, social or religious reasons.

The Freedom Flights

1965-1973 Negotiation between Washington DC and Havana. Most exiles had relatives in the US

The Mariel Exodus of 1980

~125,000 Cubans arrived in Key West during the Mariel boatlift. Most of the marielitos were young single black/mulatto males. working class

Balsero Crisis of 1994

36,000 Cuban rafters interdicted at sea in the height of the exodus

1959 (Cuba)

Cuban Revolution from Socialism to Communism: The Cuban Revolution (1953-1959) was a social and armed conflict led by Fidel Castro to overthrow the government of Fulgencio Batista. Many people in Cuba were unhappy with the social and racial inequality, the corruption, and the lack of justice of Batista's regime.

Reies López Tijerina

Social activist that fought to give back land to Chicanos from Mexican-American war

Dolores Huerta

Co-founded the United Farm Workers Union with César Chavez in 1962 Activist for labor rights and civil rights

César Chavez

Co-founded the United Farm Workers Union with Dolores Huerta in 1962 Activist for labor rights and civil rights Líder de una marcha de Delano a Sacramento que se iniciaron contratos entre dueños y trabajadores agrícolas.

Sal Castro

Teacher who organized student walk out Advocate to change public education for Chicano students

Symbols: Eagle and the virgin of guadalupe

Eagle: Aztec symbol, pride Virgin of guadalupe: justicia

Willie Velásquez

Promoted latino voting

September 1965

Executive order for non discriminatory hiring practices de Lyndon B Johnson Empezó la huelga de trabajadores agrícolas filipinos para pedir mejores salarios

March 6, 1968

Dos semanas de abandonar las clases Los padres se unieron con los administradores para incluir historia mexicana y subir la cantidad de profesores latinos

“I was raised in Florida, but it was not my home because I kept being told to “Go home!” but my presumptive home had no derbys, tea parties, quakers, or Jamestowns, just a beautiful island of beautiful people, and I couldn’t understand why we left or why no one taught me that “Florida” was Spanish for “florid,” and isn’t that a beautiful word, and aren’t flowers beautiful things.”

Eric Morales Franceschini- Commonwealth

“we gave birth to a new generation AmeRícan, it includes everything imaginable you-name-it-we-got-it society."

Tato Laviera- AmeRícan

“Having built a bridge to America-the hyphen-we have now the obligation to walk it back to its origins in old Cuba. A hyphen signifies connection, continuity.” (3)

Gustavo Perez-Firmat- Facts of Life on the Hyphen

“My fathers have lost the economic battle and won the struggle of cultural survival. And now! I must choose between the paradox of victory of the spirit, despite physical hunger, or to exist in the grasp of American social neurosis, Sterilization of the soul and a full stomach. Yes, I have come a long way to nowhere, Unwillingly dragged by that monstrous, technical, Industrial giant called Progress and Anglo success.. . . I look at myself. I watch my brothers. I shed tears of sorrow. I sow seeds of hate, I withdraw to the safety within the circle of life – MY OWN PEOPLE.”

Corky Gonzalez- I am Joaquín

“Angie doesn’t understand how hard its been for me to speak to anyone in my family. She hasn’t seen how the silence and tension have been smothering us for years. She doesn’t get that I feel like a three-headed alien in my own home.” (54)

Erica Sanchez- Yo No Soy Tú Hija Perfecta Mexicana (Julia)

“The truth is that school is excruciating. I love reading and learning, but I can’t stand everything else. I don’t have many friends and feel lonely all the time. Ever since Olga died, it’s gotten even worse. It’s like I don’t know how to talk to people.” (87)

Yo No Soy Tú Hija Perfecta Mexicana (Julia)

“I also had a false sense of solidarity with our men, who were racially oppressed as well. I felt that if we women criticized our men we were only providing the racists with ammunition” (263).

Chiqui Vicioso- Discovering Myself- Un Testimonio

“But it’s not just those early years without my parents that have branded me. It’s the life I’ve led in America as a migrant, watching my parents pursue their dream in this country and then having to deal with its carcass, witnessing the crimes against migrants carried out by the U.S. government with my hands bound. As an undocumented person, I felt like a hologram. Nothing felt secure. I never felt safe.” (59-60)

Karla Cornejo-Villavicencio- Miami