2.5 - Roles of Brain Structures in Memory

Question 1

Hippocampus

Answer 1

brain structure involved in encoding, consolidation and retrieval of explicit memories
-located in the middle of the brain

Question 2

Hippocampus: Damage

Answer 2

may experience difficulty forming new explicit memories due to hippocampus’ encoding memory role

Question 3

Amygdala

Answer 3

a brain structure that is primarily involved in encoding the emotional component of classically conditioned and explicit memories
-almond-shaped ball of neurons that is attached to the hippocampus in the median temporal lobe

Question 4

Amygdala: Damage

Answer 4

damage to amygdala are unable to acquire a conditioned fear response, likely to form conscious long-term explicit memories involving the details of the experience but not an implicit memory that would enable them to produce or express the fear response

Question 5

Neocortex

Answer 5

a brain structure that stores explicit memories
-covers most of the brains surface and consists of four lobes

Question 6

Neocortex: Damage

Answer 6

experience difficulties in attention, memory, learning and higher cognitive abilities, they have a higher chance of developing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Question 7

Basal Ganglia

Answer 7

a brain structure involved in encoding and storing of procedural memories and classically conditioned memories associated with unconscious habits, behaviours, procedures, routine behaviours and learning
-middle of the brain and encodes and stores procedural memories via its connection with the cerebellum

Question 8

Basal Ganglia: Damage

Answer 8

impaired voluntary movements associated with Parkinson’s Disease (tremors, repetitive movements of hands and fingers)

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

a brain structure that encodes and temporarily stores implicit procedural memories for motor skills such as executing voluntary movement, and those created through classical conditioning
-cauliflower-shaped structure at the base of the brain along the brain stem

Question 10

Cerebellum: Damage

Answer 10

difficult to time and coordinate muscle control for everyday activities like talking, reaching, walking, brushing teeth or throwing a ball

Question 11

Brain region involved in explicit memories

Answer 11

hippocampus, amygdala, neocortex

Question 12

Brain region involved in implicit memories

Answer 12

amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum