2.5 Install and configure SOHO network

Question 1

An IPv6 address is 128-bits, divided into two main parts. The first 64 bits and the second 64 bits are known as what?

-Protocols, Ports
-Global address, Link-local address
-Public address, Private address
-Network ID, Interface ID

Answer 1

Network ID, Interface ID

*In IPv6, the first 64 bits are for the network address, and the interface identifier is always the last 64 bits.

~Hosts’ private addresses cannot route traffic over the public internet. They must be configured with a unique public IP address to communicate on the internet.

~IPv6 interfaces are likely to be configured with multiple addresses. A global address is unique on the internet, while link-local addresses communicate with neighboring hosts.

~Protocols, such as the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), use standardized ports to coordinate communications. Port 80 for HTTP enables the World Wide Web (WWW).

Question 2

Why would hosts NOT need to be configured with a default gateway in an IPv6 implementation with Stateless Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC)?

-Spam gateways filter out unwanted messages.
-ND allows hosts to discover a router and perform interface address querying functions.
-TXT records support network services.
-Dual stack allows for IPv6 to fall back to IPv4.

Answer 2

ND allows hosts to discover a router and perform interface address querying functions.

*IPv6 uses a protocol called neighbor discovery (ND), implementing SLAAC and allowing a host to discover a router and perform interface address querying functions.

~Hosts and routers that operate in IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously are called “dual stack.” Hosts will default to establishing an IPv6 connection and fall back to IPv4 if the destination host does not support IPv6.

~Spam gateways, installed as network servers, filter out unwanted messages. It does NOT enable hosts to discover routers and perform interface address querying functions.

~TXT records store free-form text needed to support other network services. A single domain name may have many TXT records, most commonly used to verify email services.

Question 3

In IPv6, it is possible to configure addresses statically. However, most hosts obtain their global and link-local addresses from the local router. In IPv6, the network and host portions are a fixed size. What part of this IPv6 IP address is the network ID 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0:1234?

-0abc:0000:def0:1234
-2001:db8::abc:0:def0:1234
-2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0
-2001:0db8:0000:0000

Answer 3

2001:0db8:0000:0000

*In an IPv6 address, the first 64 bits are the network ID, while the second 64 bits are the Interface ID.

~In an IPv6 address, the second 64 bits are designated as the interface ID, while the network ID is the first 64 bits. Therefore, 0abc:0000:def0:1234 is incorrect as it is the interface ID portion.

~The address, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0, is an incomplete IPv6 address. The last group of the interface ID is missing.

~IPv6 addresses can be shortened. Notice in this example where the address had zeros; in shorthand, removing them simplifies the notation.

Question 4

A class B IPv4 host configured with a private IP address will use what mechanisms to facilitate access to the internet? (Select all that apply.)

-Network address translation (NAT)
-Code division multiple access
-Proxy device
-Switched port analyzer (SPAN) port

Answer 4

Network address translation & Proxy device

*Hosts configured with a private address cannot access the internet directly. A host must use some mechanism to allow it to forward packets. Network address translation (NAT) is one. It shuttles traffic between the private and public addresses.

*A proxy device can fulfill requests for internet resources on behalf of clients configured with a private IP address, facilitating internet access.

~CDMA is a cellular phone and radio signaling type largely restricted to telecom providers and used for handsets.

~Switched port analyzers (SPANs) can facilitate network sniffing, effectively attaching a sensor that receives copies of network frames.

Question 5

A technician is troubleshooting an IPv4 network that only allows hosts to communicate with other local hosts on the same network and notices the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service failed. What failover mechanism are the local hosts using to communicate on the network?

-Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)
_Static addressing
-Dual stack
-A global address

Answer 5

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)

*Windows machines will default to APIPA, also known as link-local if the DHCP service fails. APIPA allows the hosts to communicate with other hosts on the same network.

~Static addressing is not the correct answer. The network was utilizing DHCP, the alternative to static addressing.

~A global address is a unique (public) IP address on the internet. When DHCP fails, APIPA provides random private IP addresses to allow local hosts to communicate with other local hosts.

~Dual stack is terminology for hosts and routers that can simultaneously operate in IPv4 and IPv6. Dual stack systems attempt to establish an IPv6 connection and fall back to IPv4 if the destination host does not support IPv6.

Question 6

Suppose the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service fails in a Windows network. What will Windows network machines default to that will allow them to communicate with other hosts on the same network?

-Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server
-Static addressing
-Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)
-Code division multiple access (CDMA)

Answer 6

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)

*Windows machines will default to APIPA, also known as link-local, if the DHCP service fails or if there is some connectivity error. It allows them to communicate with other hosts on the same network.

~Static addressing is the manual configuration of network addressing that requires an administrator to visit each computer to enter its configuration information manually.

~CDMA is a cellular radio networking type largely restricted to telecom providers. When CDMA is in use, the handsets are typically directly managed by the provider, and there is no removable SIM card.

~When combined with the supplicant and network access appliances, the AAA server consolidates authentication services across multiple access devices.

Question 7

An IT helpdesk technician has received a service call for a small home office worker experiencing network connectivity issues. The IPv4 network host can communicate with other local hosts but fails to reach the internet. What should the technician check?

-Neighbor Discovery (ND)
-System Logs
-The IPV6 subnet mask
-The default gateway

Answer 7

The default gateway

*The default gateway in an IPv4 network is the address of the router. While the default gateway setting is not required, failure to enter the default gateway would limit the hosts to local network communication only.

~The question states that the IPv4 network host can communicate with local hosts. System logs might be able to help to troubleshoot any issues with the connection, but they should check the configuration first.

~Neighbor discovery (ND) is an IPv6 protocol, and the question points to an IPv4 network. ND allows a host to discover a router and performs interface address querying functions.

~An an IPv6 network configuration, subnet masks are not a requirement. However, the question asked about IPv4, not IPv6, so this could NOT be the answer.

Question 8

IPv6, designed to replace IPv4, has proven challenging to implement in transition. Hosts and routers that can operate on IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously are called what?

-Global address
-Dynamic
-Link-local
-Dual stack

Answer 8

Dual Stack

*Dual stack is a term for hosts and routers that simultaneously operate in IPv4 and IPv6. Hosts will default to an IPv6 connection and fall back to IPv4 if the destination host does not support IPv6.

~A global address is unique on the internet, like public addresses in IPv4. IPv6 interfaces are likely to be configured with multiple addresses. The main types are global and link-local.

~Link-local addresses used on the local segment communicate with neighbor hosts. IPv6 interfaces are likely to be configured with multiple addresses. The main types are link-local and global.

~Dynamic addressing provides automatic IP address allocation, reducing the time required to manage large networks.