2.5 Changing Technologies

Question 1

Ada Lovelace

Answer 1

• first computer programmer to realise computers can do more than calculate numbers
• first computer programmer
• wrote the Analytical Engine
• inspected the Babbage new machine

Question 2

James Gosling

Answer 2

• developed Java program language
• developed a version of emacs
• developed Java into a language program for TV, computers, phones
• one of the most popular programming in the world

Question 3

Admiral Grace Hopper

Answer 3

• devised the first commercial electronic computer
• was given the associate professor title in 1943 and joined the Navy
• background in mathematics
• learnt to program Mark 1
• received national technology medal in 1991

Question 4

Alan Turning

Answer 4

• developed computational theory upon which modern computing started
• 1946 wrote a paper on computable numbers discussing the Turning Machine
• WW2 decrypted German messages
• developed the Automatic Computing Engine

Question 5

Steve Jobs

Answer 5

• commoditised computing and developed smart phones
• established Apple in 1976
• £1.2 billion
• released MacBook etc
• second largest music retailer

Question 6

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Answer 6

• inventor of the WWW
• 1994 it was established
• 1989 hypertext document system used to create the internet
• allow research and share results

Question 7

Industrial Robots

Answer 7

A robot used in manufacturing. They are automatic, programmable and can move on three or more axes
- Benefits
• efficient
• high quality
• work longer hours
- Drawbacks
• high installation cost
• loss of jobs
• restricted to simple tasks

Question 8

Industrial Robots Uses

Answer 8

• welding = putting car panels together
• painting = spray paint on a car
• packaging = placing goods in a box
• assembly = putting pieces of a toy or car together

Question 9

Autonomous Robots

Answer 9

Intellectual machines which can complete tasks on their own, without specific human control nor intervention
- Benefits
• work 24/7
• do not fall ill
• work at a constant standard
• creates high skilled roles
• work in dangerous situations
- Drawbacks
• expensive
• software could fail
• loss of jobs

Question 10

Autonomous Robots Uses

Answer 10

• robocleaner = go around your house and clean
• robomower = mows your garden and doesn’t go of the path
• Automated Guided Vehicles = towing, fork truck or heavy load carrier designed for lifting things
• delivery drones = deliver packages to certain people in the building or neighbourhood
• medic robots = use surgical equipment to perform operations

Question 11

Impact of Autonomous Robots

Answer 11

• loss of lower skilled jobs
• increases high paying/skilled jobs
• can work in unattractive places
• undertake boring jobs
• reduction in labour costs
• more leisure time for humans

Question 12

Autonomous Vehicles

Answer 12

A self-driving car, a vehicle that has a sense of its environment and move safely without human input
- Benefits
• fewer accidents
• fewer traffic jams
• lower insurance costs
• no danger of drunk drivers
- Drawbacks
• cars can be hacked
• loss of driving skill
• job losses
• ethical issues

Question 13

5 Levels of Autonomous Vehicles

Answer 13

• driver assistance
• part automation
• conditional automation
• high automation
• full automation

Question 14

Autonomous Vehicle Uses

Answer 14

• traditional cars = customer buys or leases a car and uses it to commute
• shared AV = users pay a fee for each use or a subscription which allows them access to a range of AV
• logistics vehicles = allow safer delivery of goods 24/7

Question 15

Impact of Autonomous Vehicles

Answer 15

• reduce travel time
• more productivity for humans
• those who are disabled can drive places
• safer than people on the wheel
• cheaper compared to public transport
• jobs disappear
• police will be reduced

Question 16

Virtual Reality

Answer 16

Use of computer technology to create a simulated environment via head mounted displays
- Benefits
• reduced risk of accident
• innovative and interesting
• simplifies complex problems
• done remotely
- Drawbacks
• isolating due to time spent in world
• expensive

Question 17

Virtual Reality Uses

Answer 17

• ability to collaborate using VR with a workforce to work in a interactive world
• data visualisation is also exciting use of VR where data is displayed digitally
• used in aircrafts, medicine and military industry ability to train in 3D

Question 18

Augmented Reality

Answer 18

Allows virtual objects to be overlaid in the real world environmental in real time
- Benefits
• best of both worlds
• virtual communication using virtual information
• supports business activities to show products in your room or on your face
- Drawbacks
• privacy and security risks by collecting personal information
• can promote dangerous behaviour accidents happen in the real world
• installing and maintaining AR software and hardware can be costly

Question 19

Augmented Reality Uses

Answer 19

• to see furniture in your home
• gaming
• navigation systems to see routes
• military use it to see statistics in their helmets
• see info on places without having to search it up

Question 20

Artificial Intelligence

Answer 20

Ability for computers systems to simulate a function normally undertaken by people, such as learning and solving simple and complex problems

Question 21

Machine Learning

Answer 21

This is the process of using mathematical models from data to help computers systems learn without further direct instruction from people

Question 22

AI & Machine Learning Uses

Answer 22

• retail = maximise stocks
• healthcare = detect cancer via the processing of images as well as other applications
• customer service = in a wide range of industries use the chat programs to respond to customers questions
• banking = detect fraud
• sales & marketing = personalised offers like a Tesco club card

Question 23

AI & Machine Learning

Answer 23

• Benefits
  • faster decisions
  • available 24/7
  • helps with repetition
  • makes jobs easier
• Drawbacks
  • high production cost
  • no emotions
  • takes the risk instead of people
  • unemployment
  • makes people lazy

Question 24

Internet Enable Hardware Including the Internet of Things

Answer 24

Refers to the network of physical objects or things embedded with sensors, software and connectivity to exchange data with their devices or systems over the internet
- voice assistant
- smart bulbs
- smart watches
- smart phones

Question 25

Internet of things Benefits

Answer 25

• improved efficiency = used to automate and optimise processes, reducing the need for human intervention
• enhanced productivity = provide real-time data and insights that can be used to improve depiction making
• cost savings = help reduce operational costs by optimising processes and resources
• better customer experience = can be used to gather data and insights on customer behaviour and preferences
• improved safety at work = can enhance safety and security by providing real time monitoring
• environmental sustainability = can be used to monitor and optimise energy and resource usage, reducing waste

Question 26

Internet of Things Drawbacks

Answer 26

• security risks = Okay devices are vulnerable to cyber attacks and data breaches as they may lack adequate security protocols
• privacy concerns = collect and transmit sensitive personal data, raising concerns about data privacy and user consent
• complexity = require specialised skills to design, deploy and maintain
• reliability = experience downtime or failure, leading to disruptions in operations or loss of data