25- apnea Flashcards
infant colic
crying several hours a day, usually in the evening, more than 5 nights a week. During episodes of crying, the baby is difficult to console.
typically starts after 2 weeks of age, peaks at 6 weeks, and gradually lessens by age 3 or 4 months
CNS causes of apnea
seizures- infection, structural, metabolic, electrolyte, genetic
increased ICP –> resp. center
breath holding spells
breath holding spells
healthy kids from 6 mo-6 yrs
silent at end of expiration– color change
resolve spontaneously
cardiac causes of apnea
bradycardia secondary to congenital heart block or long QT syndrome
Congenital heart disease, particularly ductal-dependent lesions, or Tet
pulm causes of apnea
respiratory syncytial virus- premature
pertussis
pneumonias
GI causes of apnea
Swallowing abnormalities
tracheoesophageal fistula
systemic causes of apnea
sepsis
metabolic disorders
ingestion of meds, drugs, toxins
botulinum toxin
CO
Congenital Dermal Melanocytoses (Mongolian Spots)
black blue flat birthmarks
fade over several months
most on sacral/buttocks
Infant Glasgow Coma Scale
standardized scoring system for assess the level of neurological compromise in an infant.
total 15
A score above 13 represents mild or no neurological compromise.
A score below 8 means the infant is severely impaired and in coma
spiral fracture of tibia
acute onset of limp and refusal to bear weight on one leg. It usually occurs when a toddler falls while twisting, or gets a foot caught and falls while trying to free the foot.
not a sign of abuse
signs of infant abuse
retinal hemorrhages
posterior rib fractures
metaphysical fracture of wrist
subdural hematoma- crescent shaped
skull fracture
bruises at dif stages of healing
GERD and apnea
apnea–> hypoxia –> relax LES–> reflux
