12- cough, wheeze Flashcards
causes of wheezes in infants/toddlers
viral bronchiolitis
asthma
foreign body aspiration
GERD
less common: CF, tracheomalacia
normal resp rate in 10 month old
30
most severe sign of resp distress
Paradoxical breathing- when the force of contraction generated by the diaphragm exceeds the ability of the chest wall muscles to expand the rib cage. As a result, the chest is drawn inward with inspiration, and the abdomen rises due to downward displacement of abdominal contents.
general signs of resp distress
A. Tachypnea B. Retractions C. Nasal flaring D. Grunting E. Paradoxical breathing F. Head bobbing
do lower resp infections affect voice?
nope, only upper
croup common in which ages
2-5
3 phases of pertussis
- catarrhal- 1-2 weeks of URI
- paroxysmal - 4-6 weeks- whoop
- convalescent- gradually decrease
symptoms of epiglotitis
fever stridor drooling dysphonia dysphagia, and respiratory distress.
bronchiolitis treatment
supportive- adequate oxygenation and hydration
most common viral causes of pneumonia
Adenovirus
RSV
Parainfluenza
Influenza
all more common than bacteria!
CXR in viral vs bacterial pneumonia
viral: diffuse or patchy interstitial infiltrates, hyperinflation and small pleural effusions.
bacterial: lobar or segmental consolidation and air bronchograms.
stridor vs wheezing in where it narrows the thoracic inlet
stridor- above
wheeze- below
Rhonchi
Coarse, low-pitched rattling sounds heard best in expiration.
Thought to be due to secretions and narrowing of airways.
crackles
Finer breath sounds heard on inspiration.
Associated with either fluid in the alveoli or with opening and closing of stiff alveoli
coarse vs fine crackles associations
Coarse crackles - purulent secretions in the alveoli as with pneumonia;
fine crackles -pulmonary edema or interstitial lung disease
