2.5 Flashcards
What are proteins made of?
Chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape
What are the 4 functions of a protein?
- builds muscle
- hormones
- enzymes
- antibody
What is a catalyst?
A substance to increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. It is not used up
What do enzymes attach to?
Substrate
How do enzymes work?
- the enzyme shape matches the substrate
- the enzyme breaks down the substrate
- products are released.
What is the name of the shape of enzymes?
Lock and key
What would happen to an enzyme if we increase temperature? What does this mean for the enzyme?
- shape of enzyme changes
- substrate no longer fits
- enzyme denatures
What is different about each type of enzyme?
They work at a different pH
What happens if we change the pH of an enzyme?
It denatures
What enzyme catalyses the digestion of proteins?
Protease
What is produced when proteins are digested ?
Amino acids
Why do we have to break down food?
The molecules are too big to enter the blood stream
Where can we find protease?
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
What is found in the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid
Where does protease work best? Why?
In the stomach as it’s acidic
What are lipids?
Fats
What is produced when we break down fats?
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Where is lipase made?
Pancreas
Small intestine
What does bile do?
Neutralises acids in the small intestine made in the stomach
What enzymes break down starch?
Amylase
What is the product when starch is broken down?
Glucose
Where is amylase made?
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine
What do microorganisms produce?
Enzymes
What enzymes are found in biological washing powders? What do they do?
Protease- break down protein
Lipase -break down fat
Removes stains by digestion them
