2.5/2.6 Key Words

Question 1

Electron configuration

Answer 1

Arrangement of electrons in shells, sub-shells and orbitals

Question 2

Electronic energy level

Answer 2

Energy of electrons in a specific electron shell and sub-shell

Question 3

Principle quantum number

Answer 3

Overall energy of orbital, increasing with distance from nucleus

Question 4

Sub-shell

Answer 4

Collection of atomic orbitals in a main electron shell

Question 5

Atomic orbital

Answer 5

Region of electron density with different shapes, contain 2 electrons w/ opposite spin

Question 6

s-orbital

Answer 6

Spherical shaped atomic orbital with lowest energy of all orbitals (in a main energy level)

Question 7

p-orbital

Answer 7

Dumbbell-shaped atomic orbital with second lowest energy of all orbitals (in a main energy level) 3 p-orbitals on x,y and z planes in space - 6 electrons

Question 8

d-orbital

Answer 8

5 variations holding 10 electrons

Question 9

f-orbital

Answer 9

7 variations holding 14 electrons

Question 10

Ionic bonding

Answer 10

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 11

Covalent bonding

Answer 11

Strong electrostatic attraction between shared pairs of electrons and the positive nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 12

Dot and cross diagrams

Answer 12

Diagrams to show electron transfer or sharing in bonding

Question 13

Dative/coordinate covalent bonding

Answer 13

Covalent bond where both of the shared pair of electrons are donated to by one of the bonding atoms (NH4)

Question 14

Electron-pair repulsion theory

Answer 14

Electron pairs repel as far apart as possible
bonded-pair/bonded-pair < lone-pair/bonded-pair < lone-pair/lone-pair - strength of repulsion (lone pairs closer to nucleus than bonded pairs

Question 15

Bond angle tetrahedral

Answer 15

109.5 degrees

Question 16

Bond angle trigonal planar

Answer 16

120 degrees

Question 17

Bond angle pyramidal

Answer 17

107 degrees

Question 18

Bond angle linear

Answer 18

180 degrees

Question 19

Bond angle non-linear/bent

Answer 19

104.5 degrees

Question 20

Bond angle octahedral

Answer 20

90 degrees

Question 21

Bond angle trigonal bipyramidal

Answer 21

90 degrees from vertical and 120 degrees around

Question 22

Permanent dipole - Permanent dipole

Answer 22

Attraction between two molecules where atoms have high electronegativity difference, opposite delta-charges attract. 2 polar molecules

Question 23

Permanent dipole - Induced dipole

Answer 23

Attraction of shared pair(s) of electrons in a non-polar molecule by a polar molecule due to delta-charges repelling the shared pair of electrons. Polar and non-polar molecule.

Question 24

Instantaneous dipole - Induced dipole (London forces)

Answer 24

Movement of electrons in orbitals, potential for high concentration on one side of molecule, creates instantaneous dipole, induces dipole in nearby molecule due to delta-charges. All molecules. Weakest intermolecular force

Question 25

Hydrogen bond

Answer 25

Molecules where N, O & F bond with hydrogen, many lone pairs of electrons, area of high electron density creates a delta charge which can attract other permanent dipoles. Strongest intermolecular force