2.4 - The Need For Transport Flashcards
What are the 3 major plant organs involved in plant transport
Roots
Stems
Leaves
What are water and soil minerals absorbed through
Root hair cells and then are transported up the plant to the leaves in XYLEM
What are XYLEM vessels
They are dated hollow tubes that run through the entire length of a plant
What are XYLEM vessels strengthened by
They are strengthened by lignin
What does LIGNIN help do
It helps XYLEM withstand changes in the water pressure as water moves through the plant
What are the factors that effect the rate of transpiration
- Wind speed
- Increasing Temperature
- Decreasing Humidity
- Light intensity
What is the function of the waxy cuticle
To protect the leaf and minimise water loss
What is the function of the upper epidermis
It’s a transparent layer of cells that allow light to pass through leaf
What is the function of the palisade mesophyll
It contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the spongy mesophyll
It contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis and it has air spaces between the cells which allows the movement of gases
What is the function of the stoma
The pores on the surface of the leaf allow gas exchange and the exit of water vapour
What is the function of the guard cells
The function of the guard cells are to control the opening and closing of the stomata
What is the function of the lower epidermis
It is a layer off cells containing most of the stomata
What is the function of the Leaf vein
It is a vascular bundle contains xylem and Phloem
What is transported in Phloem
Sugar is produced in the leaves during photosynthesis, unlike xylem vessels, Phloem vessels are living
What are 2 upper chambers called
The right atrium and the left atrium
What are the 2 lower chamber called
The right ventricle and the left ventricle
What is the function of valves
To prevent the back flow of blood
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right
Because the left side pumps blood around the whole body whereas the right side of the ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs
What are capillaries
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are only one cell thick
What are the function of capillaries
They form networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient gas exchange of materials
What are reasons that capillary networks are highly efficient
- They have close contact with many body cells
- They have a very thin lining
- They have a large surface area
What are red blood cells
They are small and flexible biconcave disks that are able to go through blood vessels. They have no nucleus. They have a large surface area for absorption of oxygen by haemoglobin.
What is the function of phagocytes
- Find it- detects pathogen
- Eat it- the white blood cell moves its body around the pathogen and engulfs it
- Digest it - enzymes in the white blood cell break it down
What is the function of a lymphocyte
It recognises pathogens as they enter the body and some multiply to produce antibodies.
Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen
