2.4 - The Need For Transport

Question 1

What are the 3 major plant organs involved in plant transport

Answer 1

Roots
Stems
Leaves

Question 2

What are water and soil minerals absorbed through

Answer 2

Root hair cells and then are transported up the plant to the leaves in XYLEM

Question 3

What are XYLEM vessels

Answer 3

They are dated hollow tubes that run through the entire length of a plant

Question 4

What are XYLEM vessels strengthened by

Answer 4

They are strengthened by lignin

Question 5

What does LIGNIN help do

Answer 5

It helps XYLEM withstand changes in the water pressure as water moves through the plant

Question 6

What are the factors that effect the rate of transpiration

Answer 6

1. Wind speed
2. Increasing Temperature
3. Decreasing Humidity
4. Light intensity

Question 7

What is the function of the waxy cuticle

Answer 7

To protect the leaf and minimise water loss

Question 8

What is the function of the upper epidermis

Answer 8

It’s a transparent layer of cells that allow light to pass through leaf

Question 9

What is the function of the palisade mesophyll

Answer 9

It contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll

Answer 10

It contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis and it has air spaces between the cells which allows the movement of gases

Question 11

What is the function of the stoma

Answer 11

The pores on the surface of the leaf allow gas exchange and the exit of water vapour

Question 12

What is the function of the guard cells

Answer 12

The function of the guard cells are to control the opening and closing of the stomata

Question 13

What is the function of the lower epidermis

Answer 13

It is a layer off cells containing most of the stomata

Question 14

What is the function of the Leaf vein

Answer 14

It is a vascular bundle contains xylem and Phloem

Question 15

What is transported in Phloem

Answer 15

Sugar is produced in the leaves during photosynthesis, unlike xylem vessels, Phloem vessels are living

Question 16

What are 2 upper chambers called

Answer 16

The right atrium and the left atrium

Question 17

What are the 2 lower chamber called

Answer 17

The right ventricle and the left ventricle

Question 18

What is the function of valves

Answer 18

To prevent the back flow of blood

Question 19

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right

Answer 19

Because the left side pumps blood around the whole body whereas the right side of the ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs

Question 20

What are capillaries

Answer 20

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that are only one cell thick

Question 21

What are the function of capillaries

Answer 21

They form networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient gas exchange of materials

Question 22

What are reasons that capillary networks are highly efficient

Answer 22

1. They have close contact with many body cells
2. They have a very thin lining
3. They have a large surface area

Question 23

What are red blood cells

Answer 23

They are small and flexible biconcave disks that are able to go through blood vessels. They have no nucleus. They have a large surface area for absorption of oxygen by haemoglobin.

Question 24

What is the function of phagocytes

Answer 24

1. Find it- detects pathogen
2. Eat it- the white blood cell moves its body around the pathogen and engulfs it
3. Digest it - enzymes in the white blood cell break it down

Question 25

What is the function of a lymphocyte

Answer 25

It recognises pathogens as they enter the body and some multiply to produce antibodies.

Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen