2.2 - Control And Communication - Multicellular Organisms Flashcards
What does the Nervous System consist of?
It consists of the brain, spinal cord and a complex network of nerve cells (neurons)
What is the Nervous System?
It is a communication system that allows one part of the body to communicate with another.
Cells in an multicellular organism cannot work independently
What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?
It consists of the Brain and the spinal cord
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)?
All the nerves and neurons outside of the CNS make your PNS
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?
The role of PNS is to allow information to be sent from your senses to your brain via the spinal cord. The brain interprets the information and makes appropriate response to it.
What is the Function of a receptor?
To receive information from the environment and send it to the CNS
What is the function of a Effector?
To respond to instructions from the CNS
What is Synapse?
It’s a gap between neurons.
What do chemical transmitters do?
They are released from one neuron, they diffuse across the synapse to a second neuron where they generate production of electrical impulses.
What is the Function of the Cerebrum?
Memory and personality, conscious thought
What his the Function of the Cerebellum?
Balance and co-ordination
What is the function of the Medulla?
To control the heart rate and the breathing rate
Order of the reflex arc
Stimulus - pain receptor - sensory neuron - inter neuron - motor neuron - effector - response
What is a reflex arc?
It is reflex in which, if you touch something sharp, it is detected by pain receptors in the skin, this causes electrical impulses to be sent along a sensory neuron, then to the inter neuron in the spinal cord, which in turn passes it on to a motor neuron then causes the effector, in this case the muscle, to contract and pull your hand away from the painful stimulus.
What is the Function of the inter neuron?
It carries impulses from the sensory motor neuron
What is the Function of the sensory neuron?
It carries impulses from the receptor to the CNS
What is the Function of the Motor neuron?
It carries impulses from the inter neuron (CNS) to the effector e.g. Muscles to allow movement
What system of glands produce hormones?
The endocrine system
What are hormones?
They are chemical messengers that are produced in one part of the body but have there effect in another.
Where do hormones travel?
They travel in the blood to their target organ
Pituitary Gland - Hormone, Target Organ and Effect ?
ADH, kidney and stimulates growth during development.
Thyroid Gland - Hormone, Target Organ and Effect?
Thyroxin, no target organ and controls rate of growth and development, controls rate of metabolism.
Adrenal Gland - Hormone, Target Organ and effect?
Adrenaline, heart rate blood liver circulation and increases rate of heart and breathing, diverts blood to skeletal muscles, causes conversion of stored glycogen to glucose
Pancreas Gland - Hormone, Target Organ and Effect?
Insulin, liver and controls conversion of excess glucose in bloodstream to glycogen (stored in liver)
The pancreas is responsible of the control of?
Blood sugar levels
Blood Sugar Level - After a Meal
Blood sugar level - Increase
Detected by receptors cell in this organ - Pancreas
Hormone released - Insulin
Target Organ - Liver
Effect of Hormone - Convert glucose to glycogen
Blood sugar level - Decreases
Blood Sugar Level - After Missing Meal
Blood Sugar Level - Decrease
Detected by receptors cells in this organ - Pancreas
Hormone released - Insulin
Target Organ - Liver
Effect of hormone - Coverts glycogen to glucose
Blood sugar level - Increases
