2.4 The Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Air Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of Epithelium forms the Respiratory Mucosa which lines most of the Nasal Cavity?

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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2
Q

What is the roof of the Nasal Cavity lined with?

A

Olfactory Nerves

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3
Q

Which Cranial Nerve innervates the Mucosa which lines the Nasal Cavity?

A

The Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
This is therefore responsible for the sense of smell

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4
Q

Which plate of bone do axons of the Olfactory Nerve pass through to enter the Cranial Cavity?

A

The Cribriform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

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5
Q

What are the 3 projections which are in the Lateral Wall of the Nasal Cavity?

A
  1. Superior Concha
  2. Middle Concha
  3. Inferior Concha
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6
Q

What is the space inferior to an Concha called?

A

A Meatus

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7
Q

What lies directly underneath the Superior Concha?

A

The Superior Meatus

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8
Q

What lies directly underneath the Middle Concha?

A

The Middle Meatus

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9
Q

What lies directly underneath the Inferior Concha?

A

The Inferior Meatus

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10
Q

What lies directly superior to the Superior Concha?

A

The Sphenoethmoid Recess

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11
Q

The Inferior Concha is a bone by itself, what bone are the Superior and Middle Conchae formed from?

A

The Ethmoid Bone

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12
Q

What Arteries supply the Nose?

A

Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery (A branch of the Internal Carotid Artery)
Branches of the External Carotid Artery

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13
Q

What is the Venous drainage of the Nose

A

The Nose is drained via a Venous Plexus

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14
Q

What implications does a rich vascular supply to the Nasal Cavity have for a common clinical condition?

A

Epistaxis (A Nose Bleed) - Especially in the very heavily vascularised “Little’s Area”

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15
Q

What are Paranasal Air Sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the “Respiratory Part” of the Nasal Cavity

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16
Q

What are the functions of Paranasal Air Sinuses?

A
  1. Humidify Inspired Air
  2. Reduce the Weight of the Skull
  3. Vocal Resonance
  4. Immunological Defences
  5. Act as a buffer in Trauma
17
Q

What is the significance of the Respiratory Mucosa lining the Paranasal Air sinuses being similar to (and continuous with) that which lines the Nasal Cavity?

A

Rhinosinusitis can develop

18
Q

What opens into the Sphenoethmoid Recess?

A

The Spenoidal Sinus

19
Q

What opens into the Superior Meatus?

A

The Posterior Ethmoid Air Cells

20
Q

What opens into the Middle Meatus?

A
  1. The Frontal Sinus
  2. The Maxillary Sinus
  3. The Middle Ethmoid Air Cells
  4. The Anterior Ethmoid Air Cells
21
Q

What opens into the Inferior Meatus?

A

The Nasolacrimal Duct

22
Q

Why do the Sinuses need to be able to drain freely?

A

Due to them being lined with Secretory Mucosa

23
Q

Which Sinus does not have its opening at the most Inferior Part?

A

The Maxillary Sinus

24
Q

Which Sinuses floor is often indented by Tooth Sockets?

A

The Maxillary Sinus

25
Q

What can Sinus inflammation cause?

A

Blockage of the Sinus opening into the Nasal Cavity, resulting in pain (which is carried along branches of the Trigeminal Nerve)

26
Q

What Nerve innervates the Frontal Air Sinus?

A

Supraorbital Nerve (A Branch of the Ophthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V1))

27
Q

What Nerve innervates the Maxillary Air Sinus?

A

Superior Alveolar Nerve (A Branch of the Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V2))

28
Q

What Nerve innervates the Sphenoidal Air Sinus?

A

Posterior Ethmoidal Nerve (A Branch of the Ophthalmic and Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V1 / V2))

29
Q

What Nerve innervates the Ethmoidal Air Cells?

A

Anterior and Posterior Branches of the Nasociliary Nerve (A Branch of the Ophthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V1))