24 Speech/Language

Question 1

Define phoneme?

Answer 1

distinct sound that contrasts others (consonants and vowels).

Question 2

define dysphonia?

Answer 2

altered volume

Question 3

Define spastic dysarthria? Where would a lesion have to occur for it to happen?

Answer 3

harsh strained-strangled voice with weakness and spastic muscle and hyperreflexia. Only caused by UMN lesions (stroke/MS)

Question 4

Where would a lesions be in an ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 4

cerebellum or cerebellar efferents (alzheimers)

Question 5

Where would a hypokinetic dysarthria lesion be?

Answer 5

basal ganglia or striatonigral-thalamo-cortical pathway (parkinsons)

Question 6

Where would a lesion occur for hyperkinetic dysarthria?

Answer 6

basal ganglia, subcortical motor pathway (huntingtons or spinocerebellar atrophies)

Question 7

Define prosody.

Answer 7

tone, inflection, volume that add meaning

Question 8

define semantics.

Answer 8

interpretation of a word (language lexicon)

Question 9

Which hemisphere is dominant in language?

Answer 9

depends on dominance but most are right handed so most are left hemisphere dominant.

Question 10

What is brodmann number for Wernicke?

Answer 10

22

Question 11

What is brodman area for broca?

Answer 11

44,45

Question 12

Is broca’s anterior or posterior to wernickes?

Answer 12

anterior (more towards front of brain). Think alphabetical order.

Question 13

What is broca aphasia?

Answer 13

expressive or motor aphasia. comprehension intact

Question 14

What is wernicke aphasia?

Answer 14

receptive or sensory aphasia. Fluent speech, difficulty comprehending words. Produces nonsensical words/phrases.

Question 15

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 15

dificulty repeating words. Both comprehension and production of language are intact.

Question 16

If lexical and syntacitc language lies in left hemisphere, where does emotional coloring of language occur (prosody)?

Answer 16

right hemisphere.

Question 17

What is transcortical motor aphasia?

Answer 17

similar to broca’s except subjects CAN repeat.

Lesion in left anterior frontal lobe.

Question 18

What is transcortical sensory aphasia?

Answer 18

similar to wernickes except subjects CAN repeat.
Lesion in border zone betweeen left middle cerebral and posteiror cerebral arteries.
Also severe Hypotension.

Question 19

What is Gertstmann syndrome?

Answer 19

anomia, alexia, agraphia, right-left disorient, acalculia, finger agnosia, lesion in left angular gyrus (39)

Question 20

How would someone be able to write but not read?

Answer 20

lesion in left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving spenium of corpus callosum. Caused by occlusion of left posterior cerebral artery.
dubbed alexia without agraphia.

Question 21

patient is fluent, does not comprehend, and does not repeat. Diagnose.

Answer 21

Wernicke’s

Question 22

Patient is fluent, does not comprehend, but can repeat. Diagnose.

Answer 22

transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 23

What is anomic aphasia?

Answer 23

poorly defined but patient has naming difficulty. Lesion can be anywhere in language area. Patient is fluent, comprehends and can repeat.

Question 24

Patient is fluent, comprehends but can’t repeat. diagnose.

Answer 24

conduction aphasia

Question 25

Patient is not fluent, comprehends and cant repeat. Where is lesion?

Answer 25

broca’s area (44,45)

Question 26

Patient not fluent, does not comprehend but can repeat. diagnose

Answer 26

mixed transcortical aphasia

Question 27

Patient is not fluent, does not comprehend and can’t repeat. Diagnose.

Answer 27

global aphasia

Question 28

Patient is not fluent, does comprehend and Can repeat

Answer 28

transcortical motor aphasia