2.4 Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins composed of?
Long chains of recurring monomers called amino acids that join together to form polypeptides through condensation reactions, which make up proteins.
What is the covalent bond between amino acids?
Peptide bond between amine and carboxyl groups; byproduct is a water molecule
What breaks down polypeptide chains?
Hydrolysis reactions, requires water
What is the primary structure of an amino acid?
The structure of an amino acid sequence that differs based on its variable side chain.
Describe the two secondary structures of amino acids.
Alpha helix—coil/spiral arrangement
Beta-pleated sheets—staggered strands
They are held by hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxyl groups.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The overall 3-D configuration that differs by side chain interactions.
What is the quarternary structure of a protein?
A protein structure that consists of more than one polypeptide chain linked together.
including protein chains that have inorganic parts
What is denaturation?
Structural change in a protein that results in permanent damage.
What causes denaturation?
Temperature change: disrupts and breaks hydrogen bonds that holds protein together
pH: alters the charge–>alters solubility and shape
What encodes a polypeptide sequence?
A gene, a sequence of DNA
How is a gene sequence converted into a polypeptide chain?
Transcription—making a mRNA transcript based on its DNA (@nucleus)
Translation—instructions of the mRNA transcript links amino acids together (@ribosomes)
What is a proteome?
The totality of proteins expressed in a cell/tissue/organism at a certain time. It is unique per individual bc different genes.
What are the protein functions?
SHITS ME
Structure: collagen and spider silk
Hormones: insulin
Immunity:
Transport: Haemoglobin
Sensation
Movement
Enzymes: Rubisco
