1.1 Cell Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s part of cell theory?

A
  1. Organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
  2. Cells are the smallest units of life
  3. Cells can only come from pre-existing cells (reproduction)
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2
Q

What are the functions of life?

A

(MR. SHENG)
Metabolism (essential chemical reactions)
Reproduction
Sensitivity (internal & external stimuli)
Homeostasis (stable internal environment)
Excretion
Nutrition (exchange materials & gases w/ environment)
Growth

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3
Q

What does a cell’s volume correlate to?

A

The level of metabolic activity in the cell.

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4
Q

What does a cell’s surface area correlate to?

A

The rate of material exchange in the cell. It can also increase with folds.

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5
Q

As the cell grows, what happens to the SA:vol ratio?

A

It decreases because the volume increases faster than the surface area.

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6
Q

What happens to the surface area that causes a cell to die?

A

The surface area increases faster than its volume.

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7
Q

What is the ratio of cell magnification?

A

scale bar/length of scale bar = actual length/length of cell

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8
Q

What is differentiation?

A

When cells take on different functions to create synergy in a body system.

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9
Q

One organisms’ cells share an identical ______.

A

genome

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10
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

When cells interact as a group and create new properties and functions.

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11
Q

What is the organization of multicellular organisms?

A

Cells become tissues become organs become organ systems become a working body.

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12
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

A transcribed package of active genes.

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13
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

A non-transcribed package of inactive genes.

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14
Q

What are the two key features of stem cells?

A

They can divide repeatedly (self renewal) and can differentiate because they have different gene expressions (potency).

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15
Q

What are the purposes of stem cells?

A

They are necessary for embryonic development.
They can be used to replace damaged cells—stem cell therapy.

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16
Q

List examples of where the concept of emergent properties can be found in a multicellular animal.

A

-Nerve cells work with muscles to coordinate flight
lungs and vocal cords produce song
-Petals and nectaries attract insects
-Petals and anthers work together to achieve pollination

17
Q

State one therapeutic use of stem cells.

A

Treatment of leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes

18
Q

Explain how cells in multicellular organisms are able to carry out specialized functions.

A

Each specialised cell differentiates to carry out its function,
e.g. producing insulin, absorbing food, photosynthesis. Genes not
relating to this function are switched off.