1.1 Cell Introduction Flashcards
What’s part of cell theory?
- Organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
- Cells are the smallest units of life
- Cells can only come from pre-existing cells (reproduction)
What are the functions of life?
(MR. SHENG)
Metabolism (essential chemical reactions)
Reproduction
Sensitivity (internal & external stimuli)
Homeostasis (stable internal environment)
Excretion
Nutrition (exchange materials & gases w/ environment)
Growth
What does a cell’s volume correlate to?
The level of metabolic activity in the cell.
What does a cell’s surface area correlate to?
The rate of material exchange in the cell. It can also increase with folds.
As the cell grows, what happens to the SA:vol ratio?
It decreases because the volume increases faster than the surface area.
What happens to the surface area that causes a cell to die?
The surface area increases faster than its volume.
What is the ratio of cell magnification?
scale bar/length of scale bar = actual length/length of cell
What is differentiation?
When cells take on different functions to create synergy in a body system.
One organisms’ cells share an identical ______.
genome
What are emergent properties?
When cells interact as a group and create new properties and functions.
What is the organization of multicellular organisms?
Cells become tissues become organs become organ systems become a working body.
What is euchromatin?
A transcribed package of active genes.
What is heterochromatin?
A non-transcribed package of inactive genes.
What are the two key features of stem cells?
They can divide repeatedly (self renewal) and can differentiate because they have different gene expressions (potency).
What are the purposes of stem cells?
They are necessary for embryonic development.
They can be used to replace damaged cells—stem cell therapy.
List examples of where the concept of emergent properties can be found in a multicellular animal.
-Nerve cells work with muscles to coordinate flight
lungs and vocal cords produce song
-Petals and nectaries attract insects
-Petals and anthers work together to achieve pollination
State one therapeutic use of stem cells.
Treatment of leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes
Explain how cells in multicellular organisms are able to carry out specialized functions.
Each specialised cell differentiates to carry out its function,
e.g. producing insulin, absorbing food, photosynthesis. Genes not
relating to this function are switched off.
